ecall GOST 33464 MSD数据结构分析 —— 根据ASN.1语法

        GOST 33464中对MSD数据（minimum set of data）的结构规定是用ASN.1语法描述的。下面以version2版本为例分析MSD数据结构，并给出一种可能的实际数据结构示例。

        首先是GOST 33464: 2015附录C.3, C.5中的描述：

序号	域	参数名	参数类型及范围
1		ID	INTEGER (1...255)
2		Message Identifier	INTEGER (1...255)
3	Control	Automatic Activation	BOOLEAN
4		Test Call	BOOLEAN
5		Position Can Be Trusted	BOOLEAN
6		Vehicle Type	ENUM
7		VIN	STRING(17)
8	Vehicle Propulsion Storage Type	Gasoline Tank Present	BOOLEAN
9		Diesel Tank Present	BOOLEAN
10		Compressed Natural Gas	BOOLEAN
11		Liquid Propane Gas	BOOLEAN
12		Electric Energy Storage	BOOLEAN
13		Hydrogen Storage	BOOLEAN
14		Time Stamp	INTEGER (0..2^32-1)
15	Vehicle Location	Position Latitude	INTEGER (-2^31...2^31-1)
16		Position Longitude	INTEGER (-2^31...2^31-1)
17		Vehicle Direction	INTEGER (0...255)
18	Recent Vehicle Location N1	Latitude Delta	INTEGER (-512...511)
19		Longitude Delta	INTEGER (-512...511)
20	Recent Vehicle Location N2	Latitude Delta	INTEGER (-512...511)
21		Longitude Delta	INTEGER (-512...511)
22		Number Of Passengers	INTEGER (0...255)
23	Optional Additional Data	oid	RELATIVE OID
24		data	OCTET STRING

MSDASN1Module_V2
DEFINITIONS
AUTOMATIC TAGS ::=
BEGIN
-- MSD specification version
CurrentId::= INTEGER (2)
-- ECallMessage is an upper level data element
-- It supports one message type only (msd)
-- Elements:
-- id: MSD data format, set to 1
-- msd: minimum set of data transmitted from IVDS side, except for ID
ECallMessage ::= SEQUENCE {
msdVersion INTEGER(0…255),
msd OCTET STRING (CONTAINING MSDMessage)
}
-- Message sent from IVDS side (ID is excluded)
-- Elements:
-- msdStructure: main MSD structure
-- optionalAdditionalData: additional data
-- May be extended at this level in future versions
MSDMessage ::= SEQUENCE {
msdStructure MSDStructure,
optionalAdditionalData AdditionalData OPTIONAL,
...
}
-- Main MSD structure without any additional data
-- Elements:
-- messageldentifier: message identifier
-- control: see ControlType
-- vehicleldentificationNumber: see VIN
-- vehiclePropulsionStorageType: see VehiclePropulsionStorageType
-- timestamp: time stamp
-- vehicleLocation: see VehicleLocation
-- vehicleDirection: vehicle direction

-- recentVehicleLocationNl: displacement from current vehicle location
-- see VehicleLocationDelta
-- recentVehicleLocationN2: displacement from
-- recentVehicleLocationN1 see VehicleLocationDelta
-- numberOfPassengers: minimum known number
-- of fastened safety belts
MSDStructure ::= SEQUENCE {
messageIdentifier INTEGER(0 ... 255),
control ControlType,
vehicleIdentificationNumber VIN,
vehiclePropulsionStorageType VehiclePropulsionStorageType,
timestamp INTEGER(0 ... 4294967295),
vehicleLocation VehicleLocation,
vehicleDirection INTEGER(0 ... 255),
recentVehicleLocationN1 VehicleLocationDelta OPTIONAL,
recentVehicleLocationN2 VehicleLocationDelta OPTIONAL,
numberOfPassengers INTEGER(0 ... 255) OPTIONAL,
...
}
-- ControlType includes the following elements:
-- automaticActivation: true, false
-- testCall: true, false
-- positionCanBeTrusted: true, false
-- vehicleType: see VehicleType
ControlType ::= SEQUENCE {
automaticActivation BOOLEAN,
testCall BOOLEAN,
positionCanBeTrusted BOOLEAN,
vehicleType VehicleType
}
-- Vehicle type definition
VehicleType ::= ENUMERATED{
passengerVehicleClassM1 (1),
busesAndCoachesClassM2 (2),
busesAndCoachesClassM3 (3),
lightCommercialVehiclesClassN1 (4),
heavyDutyVehiclesClassN2 (5),
heavyDutyVehiclesClassN3 (6),
motorcyclesClassL1e (7),
motorcyclesClassL2e (8),
motorcyclesClassL3e (9),
motorcyclesClassL4e (10),
motorcyclesClassL5e (11),
motorcyclesClassL6e (12),
motorcyclesClassL7e (13),
...
}
-- Vehicle Identification Number (VIN)
VIN::= SEQUENCE{
isowmi PrintableString (SIZE(3))
(FROM("A".."H"|"J".."N"|"P"|"R".."Z"|"0".."9")),
isovds PrintableString (SIZE(6))
(FROM("A".."H"|"J".."N"|"P"|"R".."Z"|"0".."9")),
isovisModelyear PrintableString (SIZE(l))
(FROM("A".."H"|"J".."N"|"P"|"R".."Z"|"0".."9")),
isovisSeqPlant PrintableString (SIZE(7))
(FROM("A".."H"|"J".."N"|"P"|"R".."Z"|"0".."9")),
}
-- VehiclePropulsionStorageType:
-- Fuel (energy source) type used for vehicle
VehiclePropulsionStorageType ::= SEQUENCE {
gasolineTankPresent BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
dieselTankPresent BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
compressedNaturalGas BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
liquidPropaneGas BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
electricEnergyStorage BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
hydrogenStorage BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
otherStorage BOOLEAN DEFAULT FALSE,
...
}
-- VehicleLocation:
-- Current vehicle location
-- Elements:
-- Latitude – 32 bits (4 octets) allocated
-- Longitude – 32 bits (4 octets) allocated
VehicleLocation ::= SEQUENCE {
positionLatitude INTEGER (-2147483648..2147483647),
positionLongitude INTEGER (-2147483648..2147483647)
}
-- VehicleLocationDelta:
-- Vehicle location before an RTA event was detected
VehicleLocationDelta ::= SEQUENCE {
latitudeDelta INTEGER (-512..511),
longitudeDelta INTEGER (-512..511)
}
-- AdditionalData:
-- Any additional data encoded as a separate definition
-- Elements:
-- oid: object identifier defining data format and purpose
-- data: additional data in the format
-- defined by oid
AdditionalData ::= SEQUENCE {
oid RELATIVE-OID,
data OCTET STRING
}
END

        在分析MSD数据结构之前，首先需要了解一些基本的ASN.1语法规则，可参考文档《ASN.1编码规则详解（最全最经典）》中2.2节，2.3节，2.4节，2.6节，2.8节，2.9节，2.10节中的2.10.2（重要！），以及其他读者认为有必要提前阅读的章节。

        其次，还需要了解编码规则。GOST 33464中规定的MSD数据是按UPER编码的，可参考文档《ASN.1编码规则详解（最全最经典）》中的3.3节。特别需要阅读的是，涉及到MSD的相关数据类型的编码说明（在3.3.6节中），如BOOLEAN型、INTEGER型、ENUMERATED型、RELATIVE-OID型、字符串与日期型、SEQUENCE型等。

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举例：

SEQUENCE类型：

        首先，如果有 COMPONENTS OF 语句，则由相应的类型进行替换。
        如果 SEQUENCE 类型是可扩展的，则在编码的头部加上一个比特的 bit-field，如果SEQUENCE 的取值中有属于扩展附加部分的成员，则该比特等于 1，否则等于 0。如果 SEQUENCE 的定义中在扩展根部（ extension root）有"n"个成员被置为OPTIONAL 或 DEFAULT，则在编码头部再添加"n"个比特的 bit-field，该 bit-field从第一个 bit 开始，依次指示被标记为 OPTIONAL 或 DEFAULT 的成员是否出现。如果为 1，则该成员出现，否则没有出现。如果“ n”小于 64K，则这个 bit-field 应该直接添到码流中。如果"n"大于等于 64K， 按照前面提到的处理方法把“ n”个bit 的 bit-field 分段并添加到域序列中，前面的长度字段 L 就作为一个有约束的整数编码，而约束的上限和下限都等于 n。
 

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        接下来就可以具体分析GOST 33465 附录C.5中对MSD数据的具体规定了。

        注意：关于OID的分析需要参考文档ISO/IEC 8825-2的第33章节。（这块还没仔细看，待补充...）

        分析完后，一种可能的MSD数据结构为（不说是一定，是因为按照ASN.1描述，部分指示位、数据位有可能不存在。此处只列举一种可能性供读者参考）：

序号	Byte	Bit	所属域	含义		备注
1	0	7	协议版本			如为GOST 33464协议，则必须设置为：0x02
2		6
3		5
4		4
5		3
6		2
7		1
8		0
9	1	7	MSD数据内容长度			表示从第2个字节之后（即从该字节之后）的数据长度
10		6
11		5
12		4
13		3
14		2
15		1
16		0
17	2	7		Extension of MSDMessage	0:Absent    1:Present
18		6		optionalAdditionalData	0:Absent    1:Present
19		5		Extension of MSDStructure Present?	0:Absent    1:Present
20		4		recentVehicleLocationN1	0:Absent    1:Present
21		3		recentVehicleLocationN2	0:Absent    1:Present
22		2		numberOfPassengers	0:Absent    1:Present
23		1	Message Identifier	Message Identifier bit7		Msg ID是否仅包含8 bits，待确认
24		0		Message Identifier bit6
25	3	7		Message Identifier bit5
26		6		Message Identifier bit4
27		5		Message Identifier bit3
28		4		Message Identifier bit2
29		3		Message Identifier bit1
30		2		Message Identifier bit0
31		1	Control	Automatic Activation
32		0		Test Call
33	4	7		Position Can Be Trusted
34		6	Vehicle Type	VehicleType Enum value from		前导（Preamble）bit，当值在根部分时，该bit为0，否则为1.
35		5		Vehicle Type	- passenger vehicle (Category M1) - buses (Category M2) - buses (Category M3) - light trucks (Category N1) - cargo vehicles (Category N2) - cargo vehicles (Category N3) - motor cycles (Category L1e) - motor cycles (Category L2e) - motor cycles (Category L3e) - motor cycles (Category L4e) - motor cycles (Category L5e) - motor cycles (Category L6e) - motor cycles (Category L7e) - ……	枚举类型值（可扩展类型）
36		4
37		3
38		2
39		1	VIN	VIN[0]		1）每6 bits表示1位VIN码。 2）VIN码的编码不是ASIC II码。编码值对应关系见“VIN码编码值对照表”。
40		0
41	5	7
42		6
43		5
44		4
45		3		VIN[1]
46		2
47		1
48		0
49	6	7
50		6
51		5		VIN[2]
52		4
53		3
54		2
55		1
56		0
57	7	7		VIN[3]
58		6
59		5
60		4
61		3
62		2
63		1		VIN[4]
64		0
65	8	7
66		6
67		5
68		4
69		3		VIN[5]
70		2
71		1
72		0
73	9	7
74		6
75		5		VIN[6]
76		4
77		3
78		2
79		1
80		0
81	10	7		VIN[7]
82		6
83		5
84		4
85		3
86		2
87		1		VIN[8]
88		0
89	11	7
90		6
91		5
92		4
93		3		VIN[9]
94		2
95		1
96		0
97	12	7
98		6
99		5		VIN[10]
100		4
101		3
102		2
103		1
104		0
105	13	7	VIN[11]
106		6
107		5
108		4
109		3
110		2
111		1	VIN[12]
112		0
113	14	7
114		6
115		5
116		4
117		3	VIN[13]
118		2
119		1
120		0
121	15	7
122		6
123		5	VIN[14]
124		4
125		3
126		2
127		1
128		0
129	16	7	VIN[15]
130		6
131		5
132		4
133		3
134		2
135		1	VIN[16]
136		0
137	17	7
138		6
139		5
140		4
141		3	Vehicle Propulsion Storage Type	Extension of Vehicle Propulsion Storage Type Present?	0:Absent    1:Present
142		2		Gasoline Tank Present?	0:Absent    1:Present	1)每个bit表示后面对应的指示位是否存在 2)设置为（二进制）： 111 1111
143		1		Diesel Tank Present?	0:Absent    1:Present
144		0		Compressed Natural Gas Present?	0:Absent    1:Present
145	18	7		Liquid Propane Gas Present?	0:Absent    1:Present
146		6		Electric Energy Storage Present?	0:Absent    1:Present
147		5		Hydrogen Storage Present?	0:Absent    1:Present
148		4		Other Storage Present?	0:Absent    1:Present
149		3		Gasoline Tank	0:Absent    1:Present
150		2		Diesel Tank	0:Absent    1:Present
151		1		Compressed Natural Gas	0:Absent    1:Present
152		0		Liquid Propane Gas	0:Absent    1:Present
153	19	7		Electric Energy Storage	0:Absent    1:Present
154		6		Hydrogen Storage	0:Absent    1:Present
155		5		Other Storage	0:Absent    1:Present
156		4	time Stamp	time Stamp bit31		1）time stamp值为从1970年1月1日开始，到RTA发生是的秒数。 2）如果时间超出合理范围，测试仪器会将time stamp清零显示。
157		3		time Stamp bit30
158		2		time Stamp bit29
159		1		time Stamp bit28
160		0		time Stamp bit27
161	20	7		time Stamp bit26
162		6		time Stamp bit25
163		5		time Stamp bit24
164		4		time Stamp bit23
165		3		time Stamp bit22
166		2		time Stamp bit21
167		1		time Stamp bit20
168		0		time Stamp bit19
169	21	7		time Stamp bit18
170		6		time Stamp bit17
171		5		time Stamp bit16
172		4		time Stamp bit15
173		3		time Stamp bit14
174		2		time Stamp bit13
175		1		time Stamp bit12
176		0		time Stamp bit11
177	22	7		time Stamp bit10
178		6		time Stamp bit9
179		5		time Stamp bit8
180		4		time Stamp bit7
181		3		time Stamp bit6
182		2		time Stamp bit5
183		1		time Stamp bit4
184		0		time Stamp bit3
185	23	7		time Stamp bit2
186		6		time Stamp bit1
187		5		time Stamp bit0
188		4	Vehicle Location	Position Latitude	Position Latitude bit31	1）Position计算时有偏移量，偏移量为：-2147483648 2）注意前面有Position Can be Trusted位 3）计算算法参考GOST 33464协议
189		3			Position Latitude bit30
190		2			Position Latitude bit29
191		1			Position Latitude bit28
192		0			Position Latitude bit27
193	24	7			Position Latitude bit26
194		6			Position Latitude bit25
195		5			Position Latitude bit24
196		4			Position Latitude bit23
197		3			Position Latitude bit22
198		2			Position Latitude bit21
199		1			Position Latitude bit20
200		0			Position Latitude bit19
201	25	7			Position Latitude bit18
202		6			Position Latitude bit17
203		5			Position Latitude bit16
204		4			Position Latitude bit15
205		3			Position Latitude bit14
206		2			Position Latitude bit13
207		1			Position Latitude bit12
208		0			Position Latitude bit11
209	26	7			Position Latitude bit10
210		6			Position Latitude bit9
211		5			Position Latitude bit8
212		4			Position Latitude bit7
213		3			Position Latitude bit6
214		2			Position Latitude bit5
215		1			Position Latitude bit4
216		0			Position Latitude bit3
217	27	7			Position Latitude bit2
218		6			Position Latitude bit1
219		5			Position Latitude bit0
220		4		Position Longitude	Position Longitude bit 31	1）Position计算时有偏移量，偏移量为：-2147483648 2）注意前面有Position Can be Trusted位 3）计算算法参考GOST 33464协议
221		3			Position Longitude bit 30
222		2			Position Longitude bit 29
223		1			Position Longitude bit 28
224		0			Position Longitude bit 27
225	28	7			Position Longitude bit 26
226		6			Position Longitude bit 25
227		5			Position Longitude bit 24
228		4			Position Longitude bit 23
229		3			Position Longitude bit 22
230		2			Position Longitude bit 21
231		1			Position Longitude bit 20
232		0			Position Longitude bit 19
233	29	7			Position Longitude bit 18
234		6			Position Longitude bit 17
235		5			Position Longitude bit 16
236		4			Position Longitude bit 15
237		3			Position Longitude bit 14
238		2			Position Longitude bit 13
239		1			Position Longitude bit 12
240		0			Position Longitude bit 11
241	30	7			Position Longitude bit 10
242		6			Position Longitude bit 9
243		5			Position Longitude bit 8
244		4			Position Longitude bit 7
245		3			Position Longitude bit 6
246		2			Position Longitude bit 5
247		1			Position Longitude bit 4
248		0			Position Longitude bit 3
249	31	7			Position Longitude bit 2
250		6			Position Longitude bit 1
251		5			Position Longitude bit 0
252		4	Vehicle Direction	Vehicle Direction bit7		1）GOST 33464中规定分辨率为2°，但测试仪器没有进行分辨率的处理。
253		3		Vehicle Direction bit6
254		2		Vehicle Direction bit5
255		1		Vehicle Direction bit4
256		0		Vehicle Direction bit3
257	32	7		Vehicle Direction bit2
258		6		Vehicle Direction bit1
259		5		Vehicle Direction bit0
260		4	recentVehicleLocationN1	Latitude	Recent Vehicle Location N1 Lat bit9	1）偏移量：-512 2）注意前面有recentVehicleLocationN1标志位
261		3			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Lat bit8
262		2			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Lat bit7
263		1			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Lat bit6
264		0			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Lat bit5
265	33	7			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Lat bit4
266		6			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Lat bit3
267		5			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Lat bit2
268		4			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Lat bit1
269		3			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Lat bit0
270		2		Longitude	Recent Vehicle Location N1 Long bit9
271		1			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Long bit8
272		0			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Long bit7
273	34	7			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Long bit6
274		6			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Long bit5
275		5			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Long bit4
276		4			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Long bit3
277		3			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Long bit2
278		2			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Long bit1
279		1			Recent Vehicle Location N1 Long bit0
280		0	recentVehicleLocationN2	Latitude	Recent Vehicle Location N2 Lat bit9	1）偏移量：-512 2）注意前面有recentVehicleLocationN2标志位
281	35	7			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Lat bit8
282		6			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Lat bit7
283		5			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Lat bit6
284		4			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Lat bit5
285		3			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Lat bit4
286		2			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Lat bit3
287		1			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Lat bit2
288		0			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Lat bit1
289	36	7			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Lat bit0
290		6		Longitude	Recent Vehicle Location N2 Long bit9
291		5			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Long bit8
292		4			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Long bit7
293		3			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Long bit6
294		2			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Long bit5
295		1			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Long bit4
296		0			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Long bit3
297	37	7			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Long bit2
298		6			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Long bit1
299		5			Recent Vehicle Location N2 Long bit0
300		4	Number of passengers	Number of passeners bit7		1）注意前面有numberOfPassengers标志位
301		3		Number of passengers bit6
302		2		Number of passeners bit5
303		1		Number of passeners bit4
304		0		Number of passengers bit3
305	38	7		Number of passeners bit2
306		6		Number of passeners bit1
307		5		Number of passengers bit0
308		4
309		3
310		2
311		1
312		0

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        更详细的分析过程待有时间补充。

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        文中列举的参考文档下载链接为：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ETGxVC0G3LTF9YS9Ub6uLA 
提取码：0q5i 

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