python的__slots__使用

使用__slots__

使用原因

python是动态语言，可以动态的对已经定义好的对象进行增加，修改属性操作

作用

在类中定义，采用tuple限制了该类的动态属性定义

实例

#限制Student类只可以增加name,age属性
class Student(object):
    __slots__ = ('name', 'age') # 用tuple定义允许绑定的属性名称

因为score没有在__slots__中定义，所以实例化Student，动态添加score时出现“AttributeError”错误

>>> s = Student() # 创建新的实例
>>> s.name = 'syy' # 绑定属性'name'
>>> s.age = 30 # 绑定属性'age'
>>> s.score = 99 # 绑定属性'score'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'Student' object has no attribute 'score'

==注意：==如子类继承了有__slots__定义的父类，且没有在子类中实现__slots__，那么父类定义的__slots__不会影响子类；如果子类实现了__slots__那么子类实例化后，添加属性的限制范围为，父类和子类__slots__定义的集合

#子类没有实现__slots__
>>> class A(Student):
...     pass
...
>>> g = A()
>>> g.name = 'fff'
>>> g.name
'fff'
>>> g.score = 98
>>> g.score
98
#子类实现__slots__，且不新增
>>> class C(Student):
...     __slots__ = ()
...
>>> s = C()
>>> s.name = 'sss'
>>> s.name
'sss'
>>> s.score = 89
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'C' object has no attribute 'score'

#子类实现__slots__，且新增
>>> class D(Student):
...     __slots__ = ('score')
...
>>> d = D()
>>> d.score = 32
>>> d.score
32
>>> d.sxe
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'D' object has no attribute 'sxe'
>>> d.sxe = 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'D' object has no attribute 'sxe'