ls -l 命令实现

主要用到了dirent.h sys/stat.h这两个库的函数，参考的两个结构体在注释中.

1. readdir()函数拿到文件句柄

2. mode_str()分析属性

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <dirent.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <pwd.h>
#include <grp.h>

void do_ls(char[]);
void do_stat(char*);
void show_file_info(char*, struct stat*);
void mode_str(int, char*);
char *uid_str(uid_t);
char *gid_str(gid_t);

/*
   struct __dirstream
   {
   void *__fd; // `struct hurd_fd' pointer for descriptor.  
   char *__data; // Directory block.
   int __entry_data; // Entry number `__data' corresponds to.
   char *__ptr; // Current pointer into the block.   
   int __entry_ptr; // Entry number `__ptr' corresponds to. 
   size_t __allocation; // Space allocated for the block.   
   size_t __size; // Total valid data in the block.   
   __libc_lock_define (, __lock) // Mutex lock for this structure.  
   };

	typedef struct __dirstream DIR;
 */

/*
struct dirent
{
   long d_ino; // inode number 索引节点号
   off_t d_off; // offset to this dirent 在目录文件中的偏移
   unsigned short d_reclen; // length of this d_name 文件名长
   unsigned char d_type; // the type of d_name 文件类型
   char d_name [NAME_MAX+1]; // file name (null-terminated) 文件名，最长255字符
}
*/

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	if (argc == 1)
		do_ls(".");
	else 
		while(--argc) {
			printf("%s:\n", *++argv);
			do_ls(*argv);
		}
}

void do_ls(char dirname[]) 
{
	DIR *dir_ptr;
	struct dirent *direntp;
	char full_path[256];

	if ((dir_ptr = opendir(dirname)) == NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "ls2: cannot  open %s\n", dirname);
	} else {
		while (( direntp = readdir(dir_ptr)) != NULL) {
			strcpy(full_path, dirname);
			int dir_len = strlen(dirname);
			if (dirname[dir_len - 1] != '/') {
				full_path[dir_len] = '/';
				strcpy(full_path + dir_len + 1, direntp->d_name);
			} else {
				strcpy(full_path + dir_len, direntp->d_name);
			}
			do_stat(full_path);
		}
		closedir(dir_ptr);
	}
}

void do_stat(char *filename)
{
	struct stat info;

	if (stat(filename, &info) == -1) {
		perror("stat");
		printf("filename:%s\n", filename);
	} else {
		char *pname = strrchr(filename, '/');
		show_file_info(pname+1, &info);
	}
}

void show_file_info(char *filename, struct stat *info_p)
{
	char modestr[11];
	mode_str(info_p->st_mode, modestr);

	printf("%s", modestr);
	printf("%3d ", (int)info_p->st_nlink);
	printf("%-8s ", uid_str(info_p->st_uid));
	printf("%-8s", gid_str(info_p->st_gid));
	printf("%4ld ", (long)info_p->st_size);
	printf("%.12s ", 4 + ctime(&info_p->st_mtime));
	printf("%s\n", filename);
}

void mode_str(int mode, char str[])
{
	strcpy(str, "----------");

	if(S_ISDIR(mode)) str[0] = 'd'; /* directory */
	if(S_ISCHR(mode)) str[0] = 'c'; /* char device */
	if(S_ISBLK(mode)) str[0] = 'b'; /* block device */
	if(S_ISLNK(mode)) str[0] = 'l';

	if(mode & S_IRUSR) str[1] = 'r'; /* 3 bits for user */
	if(mode & S_IWUSR) str[2] = 'w';
	if(mode & S_IXUSR) str[3] = 'x';

	if(mode & S_IRGRP) str[4] = 'r'; /* 3 bits for group */
	if(mode & S_IWGRP) str[5] = 'w';
	if(mode & S_IXGRP) str[6] = 'x';

	if(mode & S_IROTH) str[7] = 'r'; /* 3 bits for other */
	if(mode & S_IWOTH) str[8] = 'w';
	if(mode & S_IXOTH) str[9] = 'x';
}

char *uid_str(uid_t uid)
{
	static char numstr[10];
	struct passwd *pw_ptr;

	if((pw_ptr = getpwuid(uid)) == NULL) {
		sprintf(numstr, "%d", uid);
		return numstr;
	} else return pw_ptr->pw_name;
}

char *gid_str(gid_t gid)
{
	static char numstr[10];
	struct group *grp_ptr;

	if ((grp_ptr = getgrgid(gid)) == NULL) {
		sprintf(numstr, "%d", gid);
		return numstr;
	} else return grp_ptr->gr_name;
}