1.单例模式

jvm中只有一个实例

1.1饿汉式

/**
* 饿汉式
* 不管用不用都会实例化
* */
public class Mgr01{
    private static final Mgr01 INSTANCE = new Mgr01();
    private Mgr01(){}
    public static Mgr01 getInstance(){
        return INSTANCE;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Mgr01 a = Mgr01.getInstance();
        Mgr01 b = Mgr01.getInstance();
        System.out.println(a == b);
    }
}

1.2懒汉式

/**
* 懒汉式
* 按需进行初始化，但会有线程安全问题
* */
public class Mgr02 {
    private static Mgr02 INSTANCE ;
    public static Mgr02 getInstance() throws InterruptedException {
        if (INSTANCE == null ){
            Thread.sleep(100L);
            INSTANCE = new Mgr02();
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                try {
                    System.out.println(Mgr02.getInstance().hashCode());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
                      ).start();
        }
    }
}

如果解决这种多线程不安全的问题：

1.2.1：加synchronized

public static synchronized Mgr02 getInstance() throws InterruptedException {
    if (INSTANCE == null ){
        Thread.sleep(100L);
        INSTANCE = new Mgr02();
    }
    return INSTANCE;
}

synchronized锁的事Mgr02.class这个对象
出现的问题：效率降低了。

1.2.2：通过减少同步代码块的方式来加锁：但是还是线程不安全

public static  Mgr02 getInstance() throws InterruptedException {
    if (INSTANCE == null ){
    synchronized (Mgr02.class){

        Thread.sleep(1);
        INSTANCE = new Mgr02();
    }



}
return INSTANCE;
}

1.2.3:要双重检查才可以

public static  Mgr02 getInstance() throws InterruptedException {
    if (INSTANCE == null ){
    synchronized (Mgr02.class){
        if (INSTANCE == null){
            Thread.sleep(1);
            INSTANCE = new Mgr02();
        }

    }

}
return INSTANCE;
}

1.3：静态内部类实现懒加载

package com.design.singleton;
/**
* 静态内部类实现懒加载
* jvm保证只有一个实例对象。
* jvm 一个类只加载一次
* jvm加载类，不会加载内部类，除非用的时候
* */
public class Mgr03 {
    public static class Mgr04{
        private static final Mgr03 INSTANCE = new Mgr03();
    }
    public static Mgr03 getInstance(){
        return Mgr04.INSTANCE;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Mgr03.getInstance().hashCode());
                // a.countDown();
            }
                      ).start();
        }
    }
}

1.4 枚举单例： 不仅可以解决同步，还可以解决反序列化

package com.design.singleton;

public enum Mgr05 {
    INSTANCE;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                System.out.println(Mgr05.INSTANCE.hashCode());
                // a.countDown();
            }
                      ).start();
        }
    }
}