自定义 Spring Boot Starter 启动器

前言

    SpringBoot摒弃了以前Spring繁杂的配置(xml),在使用 SpringBoot 时可以很方便的引入各种官方提供的starter(如:spring-boot-starter-webspring-boot-starter-thymeleaf等),仅需少量的配置,SpringBoot 就能够自动扫描到要加载的信息并启动相应的默认配置,做到了开箱即用、减少大量的配置项、约定优于配置。

    而在日常开发中,某些场景下我们还会引入一些自己封装、复用性高、独立强的模块,但是每次引入都要为其大量配置。那么问题来了,要如何将这些模块封装成独立的开箱即用starter呢?

就跟着下面的样例代码(相关源码)一起看看吧。

自定义启动器

创建 starter 工程

创建一个spring boot 工程,pom.xml如下所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.huitian</groupId>
    <artifactId>huitian-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>huitian-spring-boot-starter</name>
    <description>Spring Boot Starter 封装样例</description>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <maven.test.skip>true</maven.test.skip>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            <!--移除Tomcat依赖-->
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertow</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure-processor</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

注意:必须引入spring-boot-autoconfigurespring-boot-autoconfigure-processor来加载配置。

编写 自定义 Trigger

该启动器以定时任务功能演示业务逻辑。

package com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.trigger;

import org.springframework.scheduling.Trigger;
import org.springframework.scheduling.TriggerContext;
import org.springframework.scheduling.support.CronTrigger;

import java.util.Date;

public class TaskTrigger implements Trigger {

    /**
     * cron 表达式
     */
    private String cron;

    public TaskTrigger(String cron) {
        this.cron = cron;
    }

    @Override
    public Date nextExecutionTime(TriggerContext triggerContext) {
        return new CronTrigger(cron).nextExecutionTime(triggerContext);
    }
}

编写 Propertie

用于读取配置文件的信息。

package com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.properties;

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;

@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "huitian.starter")
public class HuitianStarterPropertie {

    /**
     * 任务名称
     */
    private String taskName;

    /**
     * 任务触发 Cron 表达式
     */
    private String taskCron;

}

编写启动器的 Config

此处为注册定时任务,特实现SchedulingConfigurer接口的configureTasks方法。

package com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.config;

import com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.properties.HuitianStarterPropertie;
import com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.trigger.TaskTrigger;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.SchedulingConfigurer;
import org.springframework.scheduling.config.ScheduledTaskRegistrar;

@Slf4j
@Configuration
@EnableScheduling
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HuitianStarterPropertie.class)
public class HuitianStarterConfig implements SchedulingConfigurer {

    @Autowired
    private HuitianStarterPropertie huitianStarterPropertie;

    @Override
    public void configureTasks(ScheduledTaskRegistrar taskRegistrar) {
        // 注册定时任务
        taskRegistrar.addTriggerTask(() -> {
            // 定时任务方法...
            log.info("执行定时任务: [{}]", huitianStarterPropertie.getTaskName());
        }, new TaskTrigger(huitianStarterPropertie.getTaskCron()));
    }
}

编写 Controller

此处编写的Controller是为了将接口集成到引入启动器的项目中。

package com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.controller;

import com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.properties.HuitianStarterPropertie;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HuitianController {

    @Autowired
    private HuitianStarterPropertie huitianStarterPropertie;

    @GetMapping("/task")
    public String hello() {
        return "正在调度 [" + huitianStarterPropertie.getTaskName() + "] 任务.";
    }

}

编写 spring.factories

SpringApplication在构造方法中,会扫描引入启动器的src/main/resources/META-INF目录下的spring.factories文件,来加载配置类。

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.config.HuitianStarterConfig

编写 spring-configuration-metadata.json (可选)

{
  "groups": [
    {
      "name": "huitian",
      "type": "com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.properties.HuitianStarterPropertie",
      "description": "启动器配置",
      "sourceType": "com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.properties.HuitianStarterPropertie"
    },
    {
      "name": "huitian.starter",
      "type": "com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.properties.HuitianStarterPropertie",
      "description": "启动器配置",
      "sourceType": "com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.properties.HuitianStarterPropertie"
    }
  ],
  "properties": [
    {
      "name": "huitian.starter.taskName",
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "description": "任务名称",
      "sourceType": "com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.properties.HuitianStarterPropertie",
      "defaultValue": ""
    },
    {
      "name": "huitian.starter.taskCron",
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "description": "任务触发 Cron 表达式",
      "sourceType": "com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.properties.HuitianStarterPropertie",
      "defaultValue": ""
    }
  ],
  "hints": []
}

编写好该文件,会在配置application配置文件的时候带有提示。
在这里插入图片描述
至此,启动器编写完成!
为方便其他工程引入,还需要通过maven将启动器工程安装(install)或部署(deploy)到仓库中。

测试

创建 test 工程

创建一个spring boot 工程,pom.xml如下所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.huitian</groupId>
    <artifactId>huitian-spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>huitian-spring-boot-starter-test</name>
    <description>Spring Boot Starter 封装样例测试</description>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <maven.test.skip>true</maven.test.skip>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- 引入自定义的启动器 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.huitian</groupId>
            <artifactId>huitian-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    
</project>

编写 application.yml 配置文件

server:
  servlet:
    context-path: /huitian
  port: 8080

huitian:
  starter:
    taskName: "测试任务01"
    # 每秒一次
    taskCron: "* * * * * *"

启动 test 工程

直接启动HuitianSpringBootStarterTestApplication#main()

  • 启动器已按配置执行了定时任务,控制台日志如下:
Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:6375', transport: 'socket'
2021-02-04 16:27:22.428  INFO 7896 --- [           main] .HuitianSpringBootStarterTestApplication : Starting HuitianSpringBootStarterTestApplication on MSI with PID 7896 (E:\Workspase-damo\huitian-spring-boot-starter-demo\huitian-spring-boot-starter-test\target\classes started by Onovo in E:\Workspase-damo\huitian-spring-boot-starter-demo\huitian-spring-boot-starter-test)
2021-02-04 16:27:22.432  INFO 7896 --- [           main] .HuitianSpringBootStarterTestApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2021-02-04 16:27:23.261  WARN 7896 --- [           main] io.undertow.websockets.jsr               : UT026010: Buffer pool was not set on WebSocketDeploymentInfo, the default pool will be used
2021-02-04 16:27:23.288  INFO 7896 --- [           main] io.undertow.servlet                      : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2021-02-04 16:27:23.288  INFO 7896 --- [           main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 792 ms
2021-02-04 16:27:23.450  INFO 7896 --- [           main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor  : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2021-02-04 16:27:23.589  INFO 7896 --- [           main] s.a.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor : No TaskScheduler/ScheduledExecutorService bean found for scheduled processing
2021-02-04 16:27:23.604  INFO 7896 --- [           main] io.undertow                              : starting server: Undertow - 2.0.27.Final
2021-02-04 16:27:23.609  INFO 7896 --- [           main] org.xnio                                 : XNIO version 3.3.8.Final
2021-02-04 16:27:23.620  INFO 7896 --- [           main] org.xnio.nio                             : XNIO NIO Implementation Version 3.3.8.Final
2021-02-04 16:27:23.674  INFO 7896 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.e.u.UndertowServletWebServer     : Undertow started on port(s) 8080 (http) with context path '/huitian'
2021-02-04 16:27:23.677  INFO 7896 --- [           main] .HuitianSpringBootStarterTestApplication : Started HuitianSpringBootStarterTestApplication in 1.732 seconds (JVM running for 2.749)
2021-02-04 16:27:24.007  INFO 7896 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.h.s.b.s.config.HuitianStarterConfig    : 执行定时任务: [测试任务01]
2021-02-04 16:27:25.004  INFO 7896 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.h.s.b.s.config.HuitianStarterConfig    : 执行定时任务: [测试任务01]
2021-02-04 16:27:26.013  INFO 7896 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.h.s.b.s.config.HuitianStarterConfig    : 执行定时任务: [测试任务01]
2021-02-04 16:27:27.005  INFO 7896 --- [pool-1-thread-1] c.h.s.b.s.config.HuitianStarterConfig    : 执行定时任务: [测试任务01]
  • 访问启动器内的Controller:http://127.0.0.1:8080/huitian/task
    在这里插入图片描述
    至此,测试完成。

原理

    这里就需要聊聊SpringBoot的启动方式。

对于本项目启动

    SpringBoot 启动类默认的@SpringBootApplication注解中默认包含了@EnableAutoConfiguration注解,启动时就能扫描本项目下被@Configuration注解修饰的类并将其注入IOC容器。

对于引入的 starter 启动

    而对于引入的starter项目来说,@Configuration不能在本项目中扫描到,是无法加载的。所以需要启动时读取/META-INF/spring.factories文件,然后读取org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration指向的由@Configuration注解修饰的类并将其注入IOC容器。

如:

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=com.huitian.spring.boot.starter.config.HuitianStarterConfig

让我们来一起看看源码:

1. new SpringApplication(XxxApplication.class);
2. getSpringFactoriesInstances();
3. SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames();
4. loadSpringFactories();

在这里插入图片描述

    SpringBoot 的这种配置加载方式是一种类似于 SPI 的方式,SPI可以在META-INF/services配置接口扩展的实现类,SpringBoot中原理类似,只是名称换成了spring.factories而已。

starter 命名规则

Spring 官方命名规则
  • 前缀:spring-boot-starter-{name}
  • 模式:spring-boot-starter-模块名
  • 举例:spring-boot-starter-web、spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf
自定义命名规则
  • 后缀:{name}-spring-boot-starter
  • 模式:模块-spring-boot-starter
  • 举例:mybatis-spring-boot-starter
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