Checklists学习日志之保存文件

前面学了如何建立存储文件的地址。下面学习如何保存文件。

首先复制主程序ChecklistsViewController中的代码。

    func saveChecklistItems()
    {
        let data = NSMutableData()
        // 初始化。NSData creates static data objects, and NSMutableData creates dynamic data objects. NSData and NSMutableData are typically used for data storage.
        let archiver = NSKeyedArchiver(forWritingWithMutableData: data)
        //NSKeyedArchiver: a concrete subclass of NSCoder, provides a way to encode objects (and scalar values) into an architecture-independent format that can be stored in a file.A keyed archive differs from a non-keyed archive in that all the objects and values encoded into the archive are given names, or keys. When decoding a non-keyed archive, values have to be decoded in the same order in which they were encoded. When decoding a keyed archive, because values are requested by name, values can be decoded out of sequence or not at all.
        archiver.encodeObject(items, forKey: "ChecklistItems")
        //Encodes a given object and associates it with a given key.
        //items:The value to encode. 
        //"ChecklistItems":the key.key必须是String
        archiver.finishEncoding()
        //Instructs the receiver to construct the final data stream.
        data.writeToFile(dataFilePath(), atomically: true)
        // If YES, the array is written to an auxiliary file, and then the auxiliary file is renamed to path. If NO, the array is written directly to path.
    }

这是存储ChelistItems的函数。首先let data = NSMutableData()。这是在初始化，NSData()函数创建静态的数据，要创建能动态读写的数据需要用NSMutableData()。

第二行，let archiver = NSKeyedArchiver(forWritingWithMutableData: data)，NSKeyedArchiver给数据赋予key。每个数据都对应于一个key，When decoding a keyed archive, because values are requested by name, values can be decoded out of sequence or not at all. 

第三行，archiver.encodeObject(items, forKey: "ChecklistItems")，Encodes a given object and associates it with a given key. 其它代码的意思见备注。encodeObject和finishEncoding都是NSKeyedArchiver下面的函数。

定义了saveChecklistItems之后，在每一次更改Items的时候，就需要调用这个函数。

这里涉及一个问题，You asked NSKeyedArchiver to encode the array of items, so it not only has to encode the array itself but also each ChecklistItem object inside that array. 就是说，NSKeyedArchiver对Items编码，但是每个Items都还有自己的属性，即定义在ChecklistItem的属性text和超checked。所以，我们还需要在ChecklistItem声明协议：

class ChecklistItem:NSObject, NSCoding
 // The NSCoding protocol declares the two methods that a class must implement so that instances of that class can be encoded and decoded.
    //Any object class that should be codable must adopt the NSCoding protocol and implement its methods.
    // 所有要被encodeWithCoder: or initWithCoder:. encodeWithCoder: 作用的地方，都要声明protocol NSCoding
{
...
}

NSCoding下面包含两个函数，encodeWithCoder: 和 initWithCoder:. encodeWithCoder: 。在ChecklistItem中我们要用到encodeWithCoder: 

    func encodeWithCoder(aCoder: NSCoder)
        // Encodes the receiver using a given archiver.
    {
        aCoder.encodeObject(text, forKey: "text")
        //Encodes the object objv and associates it with the string key.
        aCoder.encodeBool(checked, forKey: "Checked")
    }
    
    // Swift requires that you always implement all the required methods from a protocol and NSCoding has two methods, one for saving and one for loading.
    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder)
    {
        super.init()
    }

同时，我们也写了required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder)，因为有NSCoding声明的地方，它的两个函数都需要被调用程序才能执行。