【Python】类中的特殊成员

"""
class Foo(object):

    def __init__(self,a1,a2):
        self.a1 = a1
        self.a2 = a2
    
    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print(11111,args,kwargs)
        return 123

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        print(item)
        return 8

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        print(key,value,111111111)

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        print(key)

    def __add__(self, other):
        return self.a1 + other.a2

    def __enter__(self):
        print('1111')
        return 999

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        print('22222')
"""
# 1. 类名() 自动执行 __init__
# obj = Foo(1,2)

# 2. 对象() 自动执行 __call__
# ret = obj(6,4,2,k1=456)

# 3. 对象['xx']  自动执行 __getitem__
# ret = obj['yu']
# print(ret)

# 4. 对象['xx'] = 11  自动执行 __setitem__
# obj['k1'] = 123

# 5. del 对象[xx]     自动执行 __delitem__
# del obj['uuu']

# 6. 对象+对象         自动执行 __add__
# obj1 = Foo(1,2)
# obj2 = Foo(88,99)
# ret = obj2 + obj1
# print(ret)

# 7. with 对象        自动执行 __enter__ / __exit__     
# obj = Foo(1,2)
# with obj as f:            #先执行__enter__方法，再执行with里面代码代码的代码，再执行__exit__方法
#     print(f)
#     print('内部代码')

# 8. 真正的构造方法
# class Foo(object):
#     def __init__(self, a1, a2):     # 初始化方法
#         """
#         为空对象进行数据初始化
#         :param a1:
#         :param a2:
#         """
#         self.a1 = a1
#         self.a2 = a2
#
#     def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs): # 构造方法
#         """
#         创建一个空对象
#         :param args:
#         :param kwargs:
#         :return:
#         """
#         return object.__new__(cls) # Python内部创建一个当前类的对象(初创时内部是空的.).
#
# obj1 = Foo(1,2)
# print(obj1)
#
# obj2 = Foo(11,12)
# print(obj2)

# __str__
   class Foo(object):
      def __init__(self):
         pass

      def func(self):
         pass

      def __str__(self):
         return "F1"

   obj = Foo()
   print(obj,type(obj))    #直接打印obj对象会调用__str__方法

#__doc__

   class Foo(object):
      """
      asdfasdfasdfasdf
      """
      def __init__(self):
         pass

      def func(self):
         pass

      def __str__(self):
         return "F1"

   obj = Foo()
   print(obj.__doc__)        #打印出注释的内容  asdfasdfasdfasdf

__dict__
   
   class Foo(object):
      def __init__(self,name,age):
         self.name = name
         self.age = age

      def func(self):
         pass

   obj1 = Foo('刘博文',99)
   obj2 = Foo('史雷',89)
 
 #打印出对象封装的值
   print(obj1.__dict__)    # {'name': '刘博文', 'age': 99}
   print(obj2.__dict__)    # {'name': '史雷', 'age': 89}

__iter__
   # l1是list类的一个对象，可迭代对象
   l1 = [11,22,33,44]

   # l2是list类的一个对象，可迭代对象
   l2 = [1,22,3,44]

   class Foo(object):
      def __init__(self,name,age):
         self.name = name
         self.age = age

      def func(self):
         pass

      def __iter__(self):
         # return iter([11,22,33,44,55,66])

         yield 11
         yield 22
         yield 33

   # obj1是Foo类的一个对象，可迭代对象
   """
   如果想要把不可迭代对象 -> 可迭代对象
   1. 在类中定义__iter__方法
   2. iter内部返回一个迭代器(生成器也是一种特殊迭代器)
   """
   obj1 = Foo('刘博文',99)

   for item in obj1:
      print(item)