struts2的表单数据需要进行验证，验证有两种，一种是手动在action的方法中验证，另一种是使用框架的xml配置文件验证。
一、手动action中验证
程序架构图：
表单页面register.jsp代码：
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'register.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<s:actionerror/><!-- 展示Action中验证表单数据的错误提示信息 -->
<form action="register.action" method="post">
用户名：<input type="text" name="name" /><br/>
密码：<input type="password" name="pwd" /><br/>
年龄：<input type="text" name="age" /><br/>
生日:<input type="text" name="birthday" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="登陆" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
RegisterAction.java代码：
package com.robert.validate.action;
import java.util.Date;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class RegisterAction extends ActionSupport {
private String name;
private String pwd;
private int age;
private Date birthday;
public String register() {
System.out.println("register...");
return SUCCESS;
}
/**
* 这里的validateRegister()方法中的register是上面的register()方法,
* 也就是struts.xml配置文件中的action中的method对应的register方法,
* 当程序执行method为register的方法时,就会先执行validateRegister()验证方法,
* 然后执行validate()方法,最后执行register()方法.
*/
public void validateRegister() {
System.out.println("validateRegister...age=" + age);
if (age > 100 || age < 1) {
this.addActionError("年龄不合法");
}
}
/**
* 程序先执行validate（）方法，然后在执行register()方法
*/
@Override
public void validate() {
System.out.println("validate...name=" + name);
if (name != null && (name.length() < 5 || name.length() > 10)) {
this.addActionError("姓名不为空，且长度必须大于5,小于10");
}
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
}
struts.xml配置文件代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="register" class="com.robert.validate.action.RegisterAction"
method="register">
<result>/index.jsp</result>
<!-- 当验证不成功时，struts2框架会找result中的input属性对应的jsp页面 -->
<result name="input">/register.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>打开浏览器输入url：http://localhost:8080/validate/register.jsp
输入数据：name=ad ,age=-11
点击登陆按钮，如图：
上面显示的提示信息就是在Action类中手动写的表单数据验证。
二、框架xml文件验证
项目架构截图：
register.jsp页面代码：
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'register.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<s:fielderror /><!-- 使用struts2框架的xml配置文件验证使用 -->
<form action="register.action" method="post">
用户名：<input type="text" name="name" /><br/>
密码：<input type="password" name="pwd" /><br/>
年龄：<input type="text" name="age" /><br/>
生日:<input type="text" name="birthday" /><br/>
<input type="submit" value="登陆" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
RegisteValidateAction.java代码：
package com.robert.validate.action;
import java.util.Date;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class RegisterValidateAction extends ActionSupport {
private String name;
private String pwd;
private int age;
private Date birthday;
public String register() {
System.out.println("register...");
return SUCCESS;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getPwd() {
return pwd;
}
public void setPwd(String pwd) {
this.pwd = pwd;
}
public Date getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
}
使用struts2框架的验证规则是：每一个action对应一个验证xml文件，xml文件格式是： ActionName-validation.xml
此项目中的xml配置文件是：RegisterValidateAction-validation.xml，代码：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//Apache Struts//XWork Validator 1.0.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/xwork-validator-1.0.3.dtd">
<validators>
<field name="name">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>name is required(用户名必填)</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>
这里只写了一个表单用户名name的验证，
struts.xml的代码是：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
<struts>
<package name="default" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="register"
class="com.robert.validate.action.RegisterValidateAction" method="register">
<result>/index.jsp</result>
<!-- 当验证不成功时，struts2框架会找result中的input属性对应的jsp页面 -->
<result name="input">/register.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
浏览器中输入URL：http://localhost:8080/validate/register.jsp
点击登陆按钮,验证未通过，仍然返回register.jsp页面，展示验证结果：
下面介绍一下怎么样配置ActionName-validation.xml文件
根据struts2自带的docs文档，
根据docs文档：
从struts2官网上下载struts的压缩包，我下载的是struts-2.3.32-all.zip，解压后，得到
struts-2.3.32-all ，然后依次点击进入：struts-2.3.32-->docs-->docs,找到index.html文件，
在浏览器中打开，如图：
进入Guides，
进入Validation页面后，一直往下来，可以看到Registering Validators，如图：
这部分介绍了，struts2框架自带的验证的类型，对应的class是实现这个类型的源码，我们就拿我们项目demo中使
用的requiredstring验证为例，来看看源码，
点击上图的xwork-core-2.3.32.jar包，进入，在com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators包下找到
RequiredStringValidator.class文件，如图：
RequiredStringValidator.class源码如下：
/*
* Copyright 2002-2006,2009 The Apache Software Foundation.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.validators;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationException;
/**
* <!-- START SNIPPET: javadoc -->
* RequiredStringValidator checks that a String field is non-null and has a length > 0.
* (i.e. it isn't ""). The "trim" parameter determines whether it will {@link String#trim() trim}
* the String before performing the length check. If unspecified, the String will be trimmed.
* <!-- END SNIPPET: javadoc -->
* <p/>
*
* <!-- START SNIPPET: parameters -->
* <ul>
* <li>fieldName - The field name this validator is validating. Required if using Plain-Validator Syntax otherwise not required</li>
* <li>trim - (Optional) Boolean, default true. Trims the field name value before validating.</li>
* <li>trimExpression - (Optional) String. Specifies the trim param as an OGNL expression.</li>
* </ul>
* <!-- END SNIPPET: parameters -->
*
* <!-- START SNIPPET: parameters-warning -->
* Do not use ${trimExpression} as an expression as this will turn into infinitive loop!
* <!-- END SNIPPET: parameters-warning -->
*
* <pre>
* <!-- START SNIPPET: examples -->
* <validators>
* <!-- Plain-Validator Syntax -->
* <validator type="requiredstring">
* <param name="fieldName">username</param>
* <param name="trim">true</param>
* <message>username is required</message>
* </validator>
*
* <!-- Field-Validator Syntax -->
* <field name="username">
* <field-validator type="requiredstring">
* <param name="trim">true</param>
* <message>username is required</message>
* </field-validator>
* </field>
*
* <!-- Field-Validator Syntax with expression -->
* <field name="username">
* <field-validator type="requiredstring">
* <param name="trimExpression">${trimValue}</param> <!-- will be evaluated as: boolean getTrimValue() -->
* <message>username is required</message>
* </field-validator>
* </field>
* </validators>
* <!-- END SNIPPET: examples -->
* </pre>
*
* @author rainerh
* @version $Date$ $Id$
*/
public class RequiredStringValidator extends FieldValidatorSupport {
private boolean trim = true;
public void setTrim(boolean trim) {
this.trim = trim;
}
public void setTrimExpression(String trimExpression) {
trim = (Boolean) parse(trimExpression, Boolean.class);
}
public boolean isTrim() {
return trim;
}
public void validate(Object object) throws ValidationException {
String fieldName = getFieldName();
Object value = this.getFieldValue(fieldName, object);
if (!(value instanceof String)) {
addFieldError(fieldName, object);
} else {
String s = (String) value;
if (trim) {
s = s.trim();
}
if (s.length() == 0) {
addFieldError(fieldName, object);
}
}
}
}
翻译成xml文件格式就是：
<validators>
<field name="name">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>name is required(用户名必填)</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>
继续读取文档，可以看到文档中举了一些例子，告诉我们常见的该怎么配置，如图：
文档中没有的例子，可以按照按照上面的方法，从源码中寻找，每一个源码中都有例子。一共有16个类型
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