Guide to Spring @Autowired 走近Spring的@Autowired注解

原文链接： Guide to Spring @Autowired

1. Overview 概述

Starting with Spring 2.5, the framework introduced annotations-driven Dependency Injection. The main annotation of this feature is @Autowired. It allows Spring to resolve and inject collaborating beans into our bean.

从Spring的2.5版本开始，引入了基于注解的依赖注入。这个新功能的主要注解就是@Autowired注解，它允许Spring框架解析它所标记的依赖，并把它注入到我们的bean对象中。

In this tutorial, we'll first take a look at how to enable autowiring and the various ways to autowire beans. Afterward, we'll talk about resolving bean conflicts using @Qualifier annotation, as well as potential exception scenarios.

这篇文章中，首先看一下如何启用自动注入，并查看有几种方式来注入依赖bean。稍后，将介绍如何使用@Qualifier注解来解决bean对象冲突，还有一些可能出现异常的场景。

2. Enabling @Autowired Annotations 启用@Autowired注解功能

The Spring framework enables automatic dependency injection. In other words, by declaring all the bean dependencies in a Spring configuration file, Spring container can autowire relationships between collaborating beans. This is called Spring bean autowiring.

Spring框架默认启动了自动依赖注入，换句话说，通过在配置文件中声明bean的依赖，Spring容器会自动关联声明了引用关系的bean对象，进行依赖注入，这就是Spring的自动注入。

To use Java-based configuration in our application, let's enable annotation-driven injection to load our Spring configuration:

要使用Java类进行配置，那么要启用基于注解的注入功能来加载Spring配置，示例如下：

@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.baeldung.autowire.sample")
public class AppConfig {}

Alternatively, the <context:annotation-config> annotation is mainly used to activate the dependency injection annotations in Spring XML files.

或者，在XML文件中可以使用<context:annotion-config>来标记启用注解注入功能，这个标签也是最常用的启动这一功能的标签。

Moreover, Spring Boot introduces the @SpringBootApplication annotation. This single annotation is equivalent to using @Configuration,