二项分布的期望方差证明
P ( X = k ) = ( n k ) p k q n − k , k = 0 , 1 , 2 , . . , n , q = 1 − p E X = ∑ k = 0 n k ( n k ) p k q n − k = ∑ k = 1 n k ( n k ) p k q n − k = ∑ k = 1 n k n ! k ! ( n − k ) ! p k q n − k = n p ∑ k = 1 n ( n − 1 ) ! ( k − 1 ) ! ( n − k ) ! p k − 1 q ( n − 1 ) − ( k − 1 ) = n p ∑ k = 1 n ( n − 1 k − 1 ) p k − 1 q ( n − 1 ) − ( k − 1 ) = n p [ ( n − 1 0 ) p 0 q n − 1 + ( n − 1 1 ) p 1 q n − 2 + . . . + ( n − 1 n − 1 ) p n − 1 q 0 ] = n p P(X=k) = {n\choose k}p^kq^{n-k}, k = 0,1,2,..,n,q = 1-p\\ EX = \sum_{k=0}^n k {n\choose k}p^kq^{n-k} \\ = \sum_{k=1}^n k {n\choose k}p^kq^{n-k} \\ = \sum_{k=1}^n k {\frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}}p^kq^{n-k} \\ = np\sum_{k=1}^n {\frac{(n-1)!}{(k-1)!(n-k)!}}p^{k-1}q^{(n-1)-(k-1)} \\ = np\sum_{k=1}^n{n-1\choose k-1}p^{k-1}q^{(n-1)-(k-1)}\\ = np[{n-1\choose 0}p^0q^{n-1}+{n-1\choose 1}p^1q^{n-2}+...+{n-1\choose n-1}p^{n-1}q^0] \\ = np P(X=k)=(kn)pkqn−k,k=0,1,2,..,n,q=1−pEX=k=0∑nk(kn)pkqn−k=k=1∑nk(kn)pkqn−k=k=1∑nkk!(n−k)!n!p