《剑指offer》刷题笔记(代码完整性):数值的整数次方
- 转载请注明作者和出处:http://blog.csdn.net/u011475210
- 代码地址:https://github.com/WordZzzz/CodingInterviewChinese2
- 文章地址:https://github.com/WordZzzz/Note/tree/master/AtOffer
- 刷题平台:https://www.nowcoder.com/
- 题 库:剑指offer
- 编 者:WordZzzz
前言
代码的规范性:书写清晰,布局清晰,命名合理。
代码的完整性:功能测试,边界测试,负面测试。
题目描述
给定一个double类型的浮点数base和int类型的整数exponent。求base的exponent次方。
解题思路
方法一:公式求解
我们知道当指数为负数的时候,可以先对指针求绝对值,然后算出次方的结果之后再取倒数。如果要自己实现,那么就需要考虑各种错误处理和边界问题。比如,既然有求倒数,对0求倒数怎么办,当底数是0且指数是负数的时候,如果不做特殊处理,就会出现对0求倒数而导致程序运行出错。
一个细节值得我们注意:在判断底数是不是等于0时,不能直接写base == 0,这是因为在计算机内表示小数时都有误差。判断两个小数是否相等,只能判断他们之差的绝对值是不是在一个很小的范围内。如果两个数差值很小,就可以认为它们相等。这就是我们定义函数equal的原因。
方法二:迭代
$a^n = \begin{cases} a^{n/2}*a^{n/2}, & \text{n为偶数} \\ a^{(n-1)/2}*a^{(n-1)/2}*a, & \text{n为奇数} \end{cases} $
这个公式很容易就用递归来实现。
C++版代码实现
调用pow
class Solution {
public:
double Power(double base, int exponent) {
double result;
if(exponent >= 0){
result = pow(base, exponent);
}
else{
result = pow(base, -exponent);
result = 1 / result;
}
return result;
}
};
不调用pow
class Solution {
public:
bool g_InvalidInput = false;
double Power(double base, int exponent) {
g_InvalidInput = false;
if(equal(base, 0.0) && exponent < 0) {
g_InvalidInput = true;
return 0.0;
}
unsigned int absExponent = (unsigned int)(exponent);
if(exponent < 0)
absExponent = (unsigned int)(-exponent);
double result = PowerWithUnsignedExponent(base, absExponent);
if(exponent < 0)
result = 1.0 / result;
return result;
}
double PowerWithUnsignedExponent(double base, unsigned int exponent){
double result = 1.0;
for (int i = 1; i <= exponent; ++i)
result *= base;
return result;
}
bool equal(double num1, double num2){
if((num1 - num2 > -0.0000001) && (num1 - num2 < 0.0000001))
return true;
else
return false;
}
};
递归
class Solution {
public:
bool g_InvalidInput = false;
double Power(double base, int exponent) {
g_InvalidInput = false;
if(equal(base, 0.0) && exponent < 0) {
g_InvalidInput = true;
return 0.0;
}
unsigned int absExponent = (unsigned int)(exponent);
if(exponent < 0)
absExponent = (unsigned int)(-exponent);
double result = PowerWithUnsignedExponent(base, absExponent);
if(exponent < 0)
result = 1.0 / result;
return result;
}
double PowerWithUnsignedExponent(double base, unsigned int exponent){
if(exponent == 0)
return 1;
if(exponent == 1)
return base;
double result = PowerWithUnsignedExponent(base, exponent >> 1);
result *= result;
if(exponent & 0x1 == 1)
result *= base;
return result;
}
bool equal(double num1, double num2){
if((num1 - num2 > -0.0000001) && (num1 - num2 < 0.0000001))
return true;
else
return false;
}
};
简化版循环
class Solution {
public:
double Power(double base, int exponent) {
int n = abs(exponent);
double result = 1.0;
while(n){
if(n & 1)
result *= base;
base *= base;
n >>= 1;
}
return exponent > 0 ? result : 1 / result;
}
};
简化版递归
class Solution {
public:
double Power(double base, int exponent) {
int n = abs(exponent);
if(n == 0)
return 1;
if(n == 1)
return base;
double result = Power(base, n>>1);
result *= result;
if((n & 1) == 1)
result *= base;
return exponent > 0 ? result : 1/result;
}
};
Python 代码实现
调用pow
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
class Solution:
def Power(self, base, exponent):
# write code here
if exponent >= 0:
result = pow(base, exponent)
else:
result = pow(base, -exponent)
result = 1 / result
return result
不调用pow
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
class Solution:
def Power(self, base, exponent):
# write code here
flag = 0
if base == 0:
return False
if exponent == 0:
return 1
if exponent < 0:
flag = 1
result = 1
for i in range(abs(exponent)):
result *= base
if flag == 1:
result = 1 / result
return result
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完的汪(∪。∪)。。。zzz