设计模式之装饰者模式（c++实现）

装饰者模式简介

装饰者模式：就像是俄罗斯套娃，一个套一个，每套一次，外形和体积都发生了变化，但是本质还是个俄罗斯娃娃

官方的定义：动态地将责任附加到对象上，若要扩展功能，装饰者提供了比继承者更有弹性的替代方案。

装饰者模式也是用组合替代继承的一个典型应用，这里的组合就是通过一层一层的套上去来实现的

示例代码类图

示例代码中定义了Female这个基本的类型，装饰者ExternalDecorator是Female的派生类，保证了Doris每次穿衣服后都保持Female的基本属性

c++实现

定义Female基本类型

class Female {
public:
    Female()
    {
    }
    virtual ~Female()
    {
    }
    virtual std::string getDescription()
    {
        return desp;
    }
    virtual double cost() 
    {
        return (double)0.0;
    }
    virtual int getCharm()
    {
        return 0;    
    }
protected:
    std::string desp;
};

定义装饰者基本类型

class ExternalDecorator : public Female {
};

现在装饰者和被装饰者都有了，现在定义一个女神的角色

class Goddness : public Female {
public:
    Goddness()
    {
        desp = "I am a FumeBlanc";
    }
    Goddness(std::string name)
    {
        desp = "I am " + name;
    }
};

给女神来两件衣服，比基尼from维多利亚的秘密，羽绒服fromNIKE

class Bikini : public ExternalDecorator
{
public:
    Bikini(Female *female) : female(female)
    {
    }
    virtual std::string getDescription()
    {
        return female->getDescription() + ", with Bikini of Victoria's secret";  
    }
    virtual double cost()
    {
        return 500 + female->cost();  
    }
    virtual int getCharm()
    {
        return female->getCharm() + 100;
    }
private:
    Female *female;
};

class DownJacket : public ExternalDecorator
{
public:
    DownJacket(Female *female) : female(female)
    {
    }
    virtual std::string getDescription()
    {
        return female->getDescription() + "\nbut with Latest style of NIKE's down jacket";  
    }
    virtual double cost()
    {
        return 1000 + female->cost();
    }
    virtual int getCharm()
    {
        return female->getCharm() - 80;
    }
private:
    Female *female;
};

简单测试

void DecoratorTest()
{
    Female *doris = new Goddness("Doris");
    ///wear bikini
    Female *doris_bikini = new Bikini(doris);
    ShowFeature(doris_bikini);
    ///wear down-jacket
    Female *doris_downjackt = new DownJacket(doris_bikini);
    ShowFeature(doris_downjackt);
    delete doris_downjackt;
    delete doris_bikini;
    delete doris;
}