Go by Example: JSON-CSDN博客

https://gobyexample.com/json

Go by Example: JSON

Go offers built-in support for JSON encoding anddecoding, including to and from built-in and customdata types.
	package main
	import "encoding/json" import "fmt" import "os"
We’ll use these two structs to demonstrate encoding anddecoding of custom types below.	type Response1 struct { Page int Fruits []string } type Response2 struct { Page int `json:"page"` Fruits []string `json:"fruits"` }
	func main() {
First we’ll look at encoding basic data types toJSON strings. Here are some examples for atomicvalues.	bolB, _ := json.Marshal(true) fmt.Println(string(bolB))
	intB, _ := json.Marshal(1) fmt.Println(string(intB))
	fltB, _ := json.Marshal(2.34) fmt.Println(string(fltB))
	strB, _ := json.Marshal("gopher") fmt.Println(string(strB))
And here are some for slices and maps, which encodeto JSON arrays and objects as you’d expect.	slcD := []string{"apple", "peach", "pear"} slcB, _ := json.Marshal(slcD) fmt.Println(string(slcB))
	mapD := map[string]int{"apple": 5, "lettuce": 7} mapB, _ := json.Marshal(mapD) fmt.Println(string(mapB))
The JSON package can automatically encode yourcustom data types. It will only include exportedfields in the encoded output and will by defaultuse those names as the JSON keys.	res1D := &Response1{ Page: 1, Fruits: []string{"apple", "peach", "pear"}} res1B, _ := json.Marshal(res1D) fmt.Println(string(res1B))
You can use tags on struct field declarationsto customize the encoded JSON key names. Check thedefinition of `Response2` above to see an exampleof such tags.	res2D := &Response2{ Page: 1, Fruits: []string{"apple", "peach", "pear"}} res2B, _ := json.Marshal(res2D) fmt.Println(string(res2B))
Now let’s look at decoding JSON data into Govalues. Here’s an example for a generic datastructure.	byt := []byte(`{"num":6.13,"strs":["a","b"]}`)
We need to provide a variable where the JSONpackage can put the decoded data. This`map[string]interface{}` will hold a map of stringsto arbitrary data types.	var dat map[string]interface{}
Here’s the actual decoding, and a check forassociated errors.	if err := json.Unmarshal(byt, &dat); err != nil { panic(err) } fmt.Println(dat)
In order to use the values in the decoded map,we’ll need to cast them to their appropriate type.For example here we cast the value in `num` tothe expected `float64` type.	num := dat["num"].(float64) fmt.Println(num)
Accessing nested data requires a series ofcasts.	strs := dat["strs"].([]interface{}) str1 := strs[0].(string) fmt.Println(str1)
We can also decode JSON into custom data types.This has the advantages of adding additionaltype-safety to our programs and eliminating theneed for type assertions when accessing the decodeddata.	str := `{"page": 1, "fruits": ["apple", "peach"]}` res := Response2{} json.Unmarshal([]byte(str), &res) fmt.Println(res) fmt.Println(res.Fruits[0])
In the examples above we always used bytes andstrings as intermediates between the data andJSON representation on standard out. We can alsostream JSON encodings directly to `os.Writer`s like`os.Stdout` or even HTTP response bodies.	enc := json.NewEncoder(os.Stdout) d := map[string]int{"apple": 5, "lettuce": 7} enc.Encode(d) }

$ go run json.go
true
1
2.34
"gopher"
["apple","peach","pear"]
{"apple":5,"lettuce":7}
{"Page":1,"Fruits":["apple","peach","pear"]}
{"page":1,"fruits":["apple","peach","pear"]}
map[num:6.13 strs:[a b]]
6.13
a
{1 [apple peach]}
apple
{"apple":5,"lettuce":7}