c++简单实现http协议服务器和客户端

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-24 09:55:46 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-03-24 09:55:46 发布

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C++ 简单实现HTTP GET/POST 请求

HTTP(超文本传输协议)是一种客户端与服务端的传输协议，最早用于浏览器和服务器之间的通信，后来因为其使用灵活、方便等特点，广泛用于客户端与服务端的通信。文章将简单介绍HTTP协议，同时以C++方式分别实现HTTP GET、POST 请求

HTTP 请求报文

HTTP请求报文的一般格式由4部分组成：请求行、请求头部、空行、请求数据。如下图所示：

1.jpg

请求行：包含3部分内容：请求方法，URL，协议版本。形式如：GET /?aaa=1 HTTP/1.1。请求方法有GET、POST、HEAD、PUT、DELETE、OPTIONS等。URL指请求服务端的地址，可以是相对地址或域名形式的绝对地址。协议版本主要有HTTP/1.1 HTTP/1.0 HTTP/0.9，后面两种已很少使用了。

请求头部：以key/value形式成对表示头部参数，以英文冒号分隔。key名称的约定写法为Key，Key-Name，自定义key名称一般以“X-”开头。如php的声明“X-Powered-By:PHP/5.5.4-1”

空行：用来标识请求头部的数据已结束。

请求数据：可选项，这块内容只在POST方式下使用，作为POST的数据表示区域。使用这块内容，要在请求头部以Content-Length声明请求数据长度，以Content-Type声明请求数据类型。

HTTP POST请求

HTTP POST方式是把请求参数放到HTTP请求报文的请求数据中，为了让例子更容易看懂，仅保留HTTP Post关键参数，你还可以自定义一些参数，比如浏览器喜欢用的User-Agent，Accept，Connection等等

char *pHttpPost = "POST %s HTTP/1.1\r\n"
    "Host: %s:%d\r\n"
    "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n"
    "Content-Length: %d\r\n\r\n"
    "%s";
 
char* addr = "http://localhost/post.php";
char* host = "127.0.0.1";
int port = 80;
char* msg = "aaa=1&bbb=2";
 
char strHttpPost[1024] = {0};
sprintf(strHttpPost, pHttpPost, addr, host, port, strlen(msg), msg);
 
//这里忽略掉了socket连接代码
 
send(sockClient, strHttpPost, strlen(strHttpPost), 0);

HTTP GET请求

HTTP GET方式是把请求参数放到HTTP请求报文的请求行URL中，所以请求行就是“GET /?aaa=1&bbb=2 HTTP/1.1\r\n”。URL最大长度通常浏览器取255，这和文件路径最大长度有关。虽然HTTP允许更大长度，但不建议怎么做，如果太长了，可以考虑换成POST方式

char *pHttpGet = "GET %s?%s HTTP/1.1\r\n"
    "Host: %s:%d\r\n\r\n";
 
char* addr = "http://localhost/get.php";
char* host = "127.0.0.1";
int post = 80;
char* msg = "aaa=1&bbb=2";
 
char strHttpGet[1024] = {0};
sprintf(strHttpGet, pHttpGet, addr, msg,  host, post);
 
//这里忽略掉了socket连接代码
 
send(sockClient, strHttpGet, strlen(strHttpGet), 0);

实现的HTTP

#include "HttpConnect.h"
 
#ifdef WIN32
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#endif
HttpConnect::HttpConnect()
{
#ifdef WIN32
    //此处一定要初始化一下，否则gethostbyname返回一直为空
    WSADATA wsa = { 0 };
    WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsa);
#endif
}
HttpConnect::~HttpConnect()
{
}
void HttpConnect::socketHttp(std::string host, std::string request)
{
    int sockfd;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    struct hostent *server;
    sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_port = htons(80);
    server = gethostbyname(host.c_str());
    memcpy((char *)&address.sin_addr.s_addr,(char*)server->h_addr, server->h_length);
    if(-1 == connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&address,sizeof(address))){
        DBG <<"connection error!"<<std::endl;
        return;
    }
    DBG << request << std::endl;
#ifdef WIN32
    send(sockfd, request.c_str(),request.size(),0);
#else
    write(sockfd,request.c_str(),request.size());
#endif
    char buf[1024*1024] = {0};
    int offset = 0;
    int rc;
#ifdef WIN32
    while(rc = recv(sockfd, buf+offset, 1024,0))
#else
    while(rc = read(sockfd, buf+offset, 1024))
#endif
    {
        offset += rc;
    }
#ifdef WIN32
    closesocket(sockfd);
#else
    close(sockfd);
#endif
    buf[offset] = 0;
    DBG << buf << std::endl;
}
void HttpConnect::postData(std::string host, std::string path, std::string post_content)
{
    //POST请求方式
    std::stringstream stream;
    stream << "POST " << path;
    stream << " HTTP/1.0\r\n";
    stream << "Host: "<< host << "\r\n";
    stream << "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.3) Gecko/20100401 Firefox/3.6.3\r\n";
    stream << "Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n";
    stream << "Content-Length:" << post_content.length()<<"\r\n";
    stream << "Connection:close\r\n\r\n";
    stream << post_content.c_str();
    socketHttp(host, stream.str());
}
void HttpConnect::getData(std::string host, std::string path, std::string get_content)
{
    //GET请求方式
    std::stringstream stream;
    stream << "GET " << path << "?" << get_content;
    stream << " HTTP/1.0\r\n";
    stream << "Host: " << host << "\r\n";
    stream <<"User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.3) Gecko/20100401 Firefox/3.6.3\r\n";
    stream <<"Connection:close\r\n\r\n";
    socketHttp(host, stream.str());
}

    HttpConnect *http = new HttpConnect();
    http->getData("127.0.0.1", "/login", "id=liukang&pw=123");
    http->postData("127.0.0.1", "/login","id=liukang&pw=123");

//***********************************
C++实现简单http服务器
只要懂socket套接字，http请求和响应的格式，就行了

#include <winsock2.h>
#include <string>
#include <assert.h>
#include <iostream>
#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
using namespace std;

#define PORT 9999

int main(){
   SOCKET sock;
   SOCKET connfd;
   WORD ver = MAKEWORD(2,2);//版本
   WSADATA dat;
   WSAStartup(ver, &dat);

   sock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,IPPROTO_TCP);
   if (sock == -1)
   {
       return false;
   }

   struct sockaddr_in sever_address;
   memset(&sever_address,0,sizeof(sever_address));
   sever_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
   sever_address.sin_addr.s_addr =htonl(INADDR_ANY);
   sever_address.sin_port = htons(PORT);

   int ret = bind(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&sever_address,sizeof(sever_address));
   assert(ret != -1);

   ret = listen(sock,10);
   assert(ret != -1);
   cout<<"wait\n";
   while (1)
   {
       struct sockaddr_in client_address;
       int len=sizeof client_address;
       connfd=accept(sock,(sockaddr*)&client_address,&len);
       char buf[1024];
       int n=recv(connfd,buf,sizeof buf,0);
       buf[n]='\0';
       printf("recv:\n%s\n",buf);
       char head[]="HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n";

       string text1="<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html><head>\n<meta charset=\"gb2312\">\n<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)";
       string text2="</title>\n<body>\n<h1>我的第一个标题</h1>\n<p>我的第一个段落。</p>\n</body>\n</html>
string text=text1+text2;

   send(connfd,head,strlen(head),0);
   send(connfd,text.c_str(),strlen(text.c_str()),0);
   printf("send:\n");
   cout<<head<<text<<endl;

   closesocket(connfd);
   }
closesocket(sock);
   getchar();
}

//********************************
C++ http服务器和客户端代码（无报文格式）
服务器代码
   SOCKET clientSocket=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
   int send_len = 0;
   int recv_len = 0;
   //定义服务端套接字，接受请求套接字
   SOCKET s_server;
   //服务端地址客户端地址
   SOCKADDR_IN server_addr;
   //初始化套接字库
   WSADATA wsadata;
   WSAStartup(0x22, &wsadata);
   //填充服务端地址信息
   //填充服务端信息
   server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
   server_addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
   server_addr.sin_port = htons(80);
   std::string msgstr="";
   //创建套接字
   s_server = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
   int result = bind(s_server,(struct sockaddr *) &server_addr,sizeof(server_addr));
if (result == SOCKET_ERROR) /* 绑定失败 */
{
closesocket(s_server);
printf("[Web] Fail to bind, error = %d\n", WSAGetLastError());
return -1;
}
   if (listen(s_server,SOMAXCONN)==-1) {
       int err = GetLastError();
       std::cout << "服务器启动失败！" << std::endl;
       std::cout << err << std::endl;
   }
   else {
       std::cout << "服务器启动成功！" << std::endl;
   }
   while(1){
       SOCKADDR_IN from_addr; /* 客户端地址 */
       socklen_t from_len = sizeof(from_addr);
       std::string reponse_data="404";
       SOCKET acpt_soc = accept(s_server,(struct sockaddr *) &from_addr,&from_len);
if (acpt_soc == INVALID_SOCKET) /* 接受失败 */
{   int err = GetLastError();
printf("接收失败1", WSAGetLastError());
           std::cout << err << std::endl;
break;
}
           char recv_buf [1025] = "";
           recv_len = recv(acpt_soc,recv_buf,1025, 0);
           if (recv_len < 0) {
           std::cout << "接收失败2！" << std::endl;
           }else{
           std::cout << "接收成功！" << std::endl;
           std::cout << recv_buf << std::endl;
           }
           send_len = send(acpt_soc,recv_buf,strlen(recv_buf), 0);
           if (send_len < 0) {
               std::cout << "发送失败！" << std::endl;
               closesocket(acpt_soc);
           }else{
               std::cout << "发送成功！" << std::endl;
           }
   }
   //关闭套接字
   closesocket(s_server);
   //释放DLL资源
   WSACleanup();

客户端代码
   SOCKET clientSocket=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
       //printf("客户端嵌套字已经打开!\n");
   int send_len = 0;
   int recv_len = 0;
   //定义服务端套接字，接受请求套接字
   SOCKET s_server;
   //服务端地址客户端地址
   SOCKADDR_IN server_addr;
   //初始化套接字库
   WSADATA wsadata;
   WSAStartup(0x22, &wsadata);
   //填充服务端地址信息
   //填充服务端信息
   server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
   server_addr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
   server_addr.sin_port = htons(12580);
   string msgstr="";
   //创建套接字
   s_server = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
   int nTimeout = 120000;
   //设置接收超时为1000ms
   if (SOCKET_ERROR == setsockopt(s_server, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char *)&nTimeout, sizeof(int)))
   {
       fprintf(stderr, "Set SO_RCVTIMEO error !\n");
   }
   if (connect(s_server, (SOCKADDR *)&server_addr, sizeof(SOCKADDR)) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
       cout << "服务器连接失败！" << endl;
       closesocket(s_server);
       //释放DLL资源
       WSACleanup();
       return 0;
   }
   else {
       cout << "服务器连接成功！" << endl;
   }
   //发送,接收数据
       cout << "开始传输桌面信息:"<< endl;
   while(1){
           char send_buf [1025] = "111";
           send_len = send(s_server,send_buf,strlen(send_buf), 0);
               if (send_len < 0) {
                   cout << "发送失败！" << endl;
                   closesocket(s_server);
                   //释放DLL资源
                   WSACleanup();
                   return 0;
               }else{
                   cout << "发送成功！" << endl;
               }
               char recv_buf [1025] = "";
               recv_len = recv(s_server,recv_buf,1025, 0);
               if (recv_len < 0) {
                   cout << "接收失败！" << endl;
                   closesocket(s_server);
                   //释放DLL资源
                   WSACleanup();
                   return 0;
               }else{
                   cout <<recv_buf<< endl;
                   cout << "接收成功！" << endl;
               }
   }
   //关闭套接字
   closesocket(s_server);
   //释放DLL资源
   WSACleanup();

//************************************
C++实现简单的HTTP服务器
#include <Winsock2.h> #include <windows.h> #include <malloc.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <time.h> #pragma comment (lib,"ws2_32") #define uPort 80 #define MAX_BUFFER 100000 #define SENDBLOCK 200000 #define SERVERNAME "AcIDSoftWebServer/0.1b" #define FileName "HelloWorld.html" typedef struct _NODE_ { SOCKET s; sockaddr_in Addr; _NODE_* pNext; }Node,*pNode; //多线程处理多个客户端的连接 typedef struct _THREAD_ { DWORD ThreadID; HANDLE hThread; _THREAD_* pNext; }Thread,*pThread; pNode pHead = NULL; pNode pTail = NULL; pThread pHeadThread = NULL; pThread pTailThread = NULL; bool InitSocket();//线程函数 DWORD WINAPI AcceptThread(LPVOID lpParam); DWORD WINAPI ClientThread(LPVOID lpParam); bool IoComplete(char* szRequest); //数据包的校验函数 bool AddClientList(SOCKET s,sockaddr_in addr); bool AddThreadList(HANDLE hThread,DWORD ThreadID); bool ParseRequest(char* szRequest, char* szResponse, BOOL &bKeepAlive); //我们存放Html文件的目录 char HtmlDir[512]={0}; void main() { if (!InitSocket()) { printf("InitSocket Error\n"); return; } GetCurrentDirectory(512,HtmlDir); strcat(HtmlDir,"\\HTML\\"); strcat(HtmlDir,FileName); //启动一个接受线程 HANDLE hAcceptThread = CreateThread(NULL,0,AcceptThread,NULL,0,NULL); //在这里我们使用事件模型来实现我们的Web服务器 //创建一个事件 WaitForSingleObject(hAcceptThread,INFINITE); } DWORD WINAPI AcceptThread(LPVOID lpParam) //接收线程 { //创建一个监听套接字 SOCKET sListen = WSASocket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0,NULL,0,WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED); //使用事件重叠的套接字 if (sListen==INVALID_SOCKET) { printf("Create Listen Error\n"); return -1; } //初始化本服务器的地址 sockaddr_in LocalAddr; LocalAddr.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = INADDR_ANY; LocalAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; LocalAddr.sin_port = htons(uPort); //绑定套接字 80端口 int Ret = bind(sListen,(sockaddr*)&LocalAddr,sizeof(LocalAddr)); if (Ret==SOCKET_ERROR) { printf("Bind Error\n"); return -1; } //监听 listen(sListen,5); //创建一个事件 WSAEVENT Event = WSACreateEvent(); if (Event==WSA_INVALID_EVENT) { printf("Create WSAEVENT Error\n"); closesocket(sListen); CloseHandle(Event); //创建事件失败关闭套接字关闭事件 return -1; } //将我们的监听套接字与我们的事件进行关联属性为Accept WSAEventSelect(sListen,Event,FD_ACCEPT); WSANETWORKEVENTS NetWorkEvent; sockaddr_in ClientAddr; int nLen = sizeof(ClientAddr); DWORD dwIndex = 0; while (1) { dwIndex = WSAWaitForMultipleEvents(1,&Event,FALSE,WSA_INFINITE,FALSE); dwIndex = dwIndex - WAIT_OBJECT_0; if (dwIndex==WSA_WAIT_TIMEOUT||dwIndex==WSA_WAIT_FAILED) { continue; } //如果有真正的事件我们就进行判断 WSAEnumNetworkEvents(sListen,Event,&NetWorkEvent); ResetEvent(&Event); // if (NetWorkEvent.lNetworkEvents == FD_ACCEPT) { if (NetWorkEvent.iErrorCode[FD_ACCEPT_BIT]==0) { //我们要为新的连接进行接受并申请内存存入链表中 SOCKET sClient = WSAAccept(sListen, (sockaddr*)&ClientAddr, &nLen, NULL, NULL); if (sClient==INVALID_SOCKET) { continue; } else { //如果接收成功我们要把用户的所有信息存放到链表中 if (!AddClientList(sClient,ClientAddr)) { continue; } } } } } return 0; } DWORD WINAPI ClientThread(LPVOID lpParam) { //我们将每个用户的信息以参数的形式传入到该线程 pNode pTemp = (pNode)lpParam; SOCKET sClient = pTemp->s; //这是通信套接字 WSAEVENT Event = WSACreateEvent(); //该事件是与通信套接字关联以判断事件的种类 WSANETWORKEVENTS NetWorkEvent; char szRequest[1024]={0}; //请求报文 char szResponse[1024]={0}; //响应报文 BOOL bKeepAlive = FALSE; //是否持续连接 if(Event == WSA_INVALID_EVENT) { return -1; } int Ret = WSAEventSelect(sClient, Event, FD_READ | FD_WRITE | FD_CLOSE); //关联事件和套接字 DWORD dwIndex = 0; while (1) { dwIndex = WSAWaitForMultipleEvents(1,&Event,FALSE,WSA_INFINITE,FALSE); dwIndex = dwIndex - WAIT_OBJECT_0; if (dwIndex==WSA_WAIT_TIMEOUT||dwIndex==WSA_WAIT_FAILED) { continue; } // 分析什么网络事件产生 Ret = WSAEnumNetworkEvents(sClient,Event,&NetWorkEvent); //其他情况 if(!NetWorkEvent.lNetworkEvents) { continue; } if (NetWorkEvent.lNetworkEvents & FD_READ) //这里很有意思的 { DWORD NumberOfBytesRecvd; WSABUF Buffers; DWORD dwBufferCount = 1; char szBuffer[MAX_BUFFER]; DWORD Flags = 0; Buffers.buf = szBuffer; Buffers.len = MAX_BUFFER; Ret = WSARecv(sClient,&Buffers,dwBufferCount,&NumberOfBytesRecvd,&Flags,NULL,NULL); //我们在这里要检测是否得到的完整请求 memcpy(szRequest,szBuffer,NumberOfBytesRecvd); if (!IoComplete(szRequest)) //校验数据包 { continue; } if (!ParseRequest(szRequest, szResponse, bKeepAlive)) //分析数据包 { //我在这里就进行了简单的处理 continue; } DWORD NumberOfBytesSent = 0; DWORD dwBytesSent = 0; //发送响应到客户端 do { Buffers.len = (strlen(szResponse) - dwBytesSent) >= SENDBLOCK ? SENDBLOCK : strlen(szResponse) - dwBytesSent; Buffers.buf = (char*)((DWORD)szResponse + dwBytesSent); Ret = WSASend( sClient, &Buffers, 1, &NumberOfBytesSent, 0, 0, NULL); if(SOCKET_ERROR != Ret) dwBytesSent += NumberOfBytesSent; } while((dwBytesSent < strlen(szResponse)) && SOCKET_ERROR != Ret); } if(NetWorkEvent.lNetworkEvents & FD_CLOSE) { //在这里我没有处理，我们要将内存进行释放否则内存泄露 } } return 0; } bool InitSocket() { WSADATA wsadata; if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2),&wsadata)==0) //使用Socket前必须调用参数作用返回值 { return true; } return false; } bool AddClientList(SOCKET s,sockaddr_in addr) { pNode pTemp = (pNode)malloc(sizeof(Node)); HANDLE hThread = NULL; DWORD ThreadID = 0; if (pTemp==NULL) { printf("No Memory\n"); return false; } else { pTemp->s = s; pTemp->Addr = addr; pTemp->pNext = NULL; if (pHead==NULL) { pHead = pTail = pTemp; } else { pTail->pNext = pTemp; pTail = pTail->pNext; } //我们要为用户开辟新的线程 hThread = CreateThread(NULL,0,ClientThread,(LPVOID)pTemp,0,&ThreadID); if (hThread==NULL) { free(pTemp); return false; } if (!AddThreadList(hThread,ThreadID)) { free(pTemp); return false; } } return true; } bool AddThreadList(HANDLE hThread,DWORD ThreadID) { pThread pTemp = (pThread)malloc(sizeof(Thread)); if (pTemp==NULL) { printf("No Memory\n"); return false; } else { pTemp->hThread = hThread; pTemp->ThreadID = ThreadID; pTemp->pNext = NULL; if (pHeadThread==NULL) { pHeadThread = pTailThread = pTemp; } else { pTailThread->pNext = pTemp; pTailThread = pTailThread->pNext; } } return true; } //校验数据包 bool IoComplete(char* szRequest) { char* pTemp = NULL; //定义临时空指针 int nLen = strlen(szRequest); //请求数据包长度 pTemp = szRequest; pTemp = pTemp+nLen-4; //定位指针 if (strcmp(pTemp,"\r\n\r\n")==0) //校验请求头部行末尾的回车控制符和换行符以及空行 { return true; } return false; } //分析数据包 bool ParseRequest(char* szRequest, char* szResponse, BOOL &bKeepAlive) { char* p = NULL; p = szRequest; int n = 0; char* pTemp = strstr(p," "); //判断字符串str2是否是str1的子串。如果是，则该函数返回str2在str1中首次出现的地址；否则，返回NULL。 n = pTemp - p; //指针长度 // pTemp = pTemp + n - 1; //将我们的指针下移 //定义一个临时的缓冲区来存放我们 char szMode[10]={0}; char szFileName[10]={0}; memcpy(szMode,p,n); //将请求方法拷贝到szMode数组中 if (strcmp(szMode,"GET")==0) //一定要将Get写成大写 { //获取文件名 pTemp = strstr(pTemp," "); pTemp = pTemp + 1; //只有调试的时候才能发现这里的秘密 memcpy(szFileName,pTemp,1); if (strcmp(szFileName,"/")==0) { strcpy(szFileName,FileName); } else { return false; } } else { return false; } // 分析链接类型 pTemp = strstr(szRequest,"\nConnection: Keep-Alive"); //协议版本 n = pTemp - p; if (p>0) { bKeepAlive = TRUE; } else //这里的设置是为了Proxy程序的运行 { bKeepAlive = TRUE; } //定义一个回显头 char pResponseHeader[512]={0}; char szStatusCode[20]={0}; char szContentType[20]={0}; strcpy(szStatusCode,"200 OK"); strcpy(szContentType,"text/html"); char szDT[128]; struct tm *newtime; long ltime; time(<ime); newtime = gmtime(<ime); strftime(szDT, 128,"%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S GMT", newtime); //读取文件 //定义一个文件流指针 FILE* fp = fopen(HtmlDir,"rb"); fpos_t lengthActual = 0; int length = 0; char* BufferTemp = NULL; if (fp!=NULL) { // 获得文件大小 fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END); fgetpos(fp, &lengthActual); fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET); //计算出文件的大小后我们进行分配内存 BufferTemp = (char*)malloc(sizeof(char)*((int)lengthActual)); length = fread(BufferTemp,1,(int)lengthActual,fp); fclose(fp); // 返回响应 sprintf(pResponseHeader, "HTTP/1.0 %s\r\nDate: %s\r\nServer: %s\r\nAccept-Ranges: bytes\r\nContent-Length: %d\r\nConnection: %s\r\nContent-Type: %s\r\n\r\n", szStatusCode, szDT, SERVERNAME, length, bKeepAlive ? "Keep-Alive" : "close", szContentType); //响应报文 } //如果我们的文件没有找到我们将引导用户到另外的错误页面 else { } strcpy(szResponse,pResponseHeader); strcat(szResponse,BufferTemp); free(BufferTemp); BufferTemp = NULL; return true; }

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