tensorflow 与keras 混用之坑

在使用tensorflow与keras混用是model.save 是正常的但是在load_model的时候报错了在这里mark 一下

其中错误为：TypeError: tuple indices must be integers, not list

再一一番百度后无结果，上谷歌后找到了类似的问题。但是是一对鸟文不知道什么东西（翻译后发现是俄文）。后来谷歌翻译了一下找到了解决方法。故将原始问题文章贴上来警示一下

原训练代码

from tensorflow.python.keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from tensorflow.python.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.python.keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, BatchNormalization
from tensorflow.python.keras.layers import Activation, Dropout, Flatten, Dense
 
#Каталог с данными для обучения
train_dir = 'train'
# Каталог с данными для проверки
val_dir = 'val'
# Каталог с данными для тестирования
test_dir = 'val'
 
# Размеры изображения
img_width, img_height = 800, 800
# Размерность тензора на основе изображения для входных данных в нейронную сеть
# backend Tensorflow, channels_last
input_shape = (img_width, img_height, 3)
# Количество эпох
epochs = 1
# Размер мини-выборки
batch_size = 4
# Количество изображений для обучения
nb_train_samples = 300
# Количество изображений для проверки
nb_validation_samples = 25
# Количество изображений для тестирования
nb_test_samples = 25
 
model = Sequential()
 
model.add(Conv2D(32, (7, 7), padding="same", input_shape=input_shape))
model.add(BatchNormalization())
model.add(Activation('tanh'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(10, 10)))
 
model.add(Conv2D(64, (5, 5), padding="same"))
model.add(BatchNormalization())
model.add(Activation('tanh'))
model.add(MaxPooling2D(pool_size=(10, 10)))
 
model.add(Flatten())
model.add(Dense(512))
model.add(Activation('relu'))
model.add(Dropout(0.5))
model.add(Dense(10, activation='softmax'))
 
model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy',
              optimizer="Nadam",
              metrics=['accuracy'])
print(model.summary())
datagen = ImageDataGenerator(rescale=1. / 255)
 
train_generator = datagen.flow_from_directory(
    train_dir,
    target_size=(img_width, img_height),
    batch_size=batch_size,
    class_mode='categorical')
 
val_generator = datagen.flow_from_directory(
    val_dir,
    target_size=(img_width, img_height),
    batch_size=batch_size,
    class_mode='categorical')
 
test_generator = datagen.flow_from_directory(
    test_dir,
    target_size=(img_width, img_height),
    batch_size=batch_size,
    class_mode='categorical')
 
model.fit_generator(
    train_generator,
    steps_per_epoch=nb_train_samples // batch_size,
    epochs=epochs,
    validation_data=val_generator,
    validation_steps=nb_validation_samples // batch_size)
 
print('Сохраняем сеть')
 
model.save("grib.h5")
print("Сохранение завершено!")

模型载入

from tensorflow.python.keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
from tensorflow.python.keras.models import Sequential
from tensorflow.python.keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, BatchNormalization
from tensorflow.python.keras.layers import Activation, Dropout, Flatten, Dense
from keras.models import load_model
 
print("Загрузка сети")
model = load_model("grib.h5")
print("Загрузка завершена!")

报错

/usr/bin/python3.5 /home/disk2/py/neroset/do.py
/home/mama/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/h5py/__init__.py:36: FutureWarning: Conversion of the second argument of issubdtype from `float` to `np.floating` is deprecated. In future, it will be treated as `np.float64 == np.dtype(float).type`.
  from ._conv import register_converters as _register_converters
Using TensorFlow backend.
Загрузка сети
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/disk2/py/neroset/do.py", line 13, in <module>
    model = load_model("grib.h5")
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/keras/models.py", line 243, in load_model
    model = model_from_config(model_config, custom_objects=custom_objects)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/keras/models.py", line 317, in model_from_config
    return layer_module.deserialize(config, custom_objects=custom_objects)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/keras/layers/__init__.py", line 55, in deserialize
    printable_module_name='layer')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/keras/utils/generic_utils.py", line 144, in deserialize_keras_object
    list(custom_objects.items())))
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/keras/models.py", line 1350, in from_config
    model.add(layer)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/keras/models.py", line 492, in add
    output_tensor = layer(self.outputs[0])
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/keras/engine/topology.py", line 590, in __call__
    self.build(input_shapes[0])
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/keras/layers/normalization.py", line 92, in build
    dim = input_shape[self.axis]
TypeError: tuple indices must be integers or slices, not list
 
Process finished with exit code 1

战斗种族解释

убераю BatchNormalization всё работает хорошо. Не подскажите в чём ошибка?Выяснил что сохранение keras и нормализация tensorflow не работают вместе нужно просто изменить строку импорта.（译文：整理BatchNormalization一切正常。 不要告诉我错误是什么？我发现保存keras和规范化tensorflow不能一起工作;只需更改导入字符串即可。)
强调文本 强调文本

keras.preprocessing.image import ImageDataGenerator
keras.models import Sequential
keras.layers import Conv2D, MaxPooling2D, BatchNormalization
keras.layers import Activation, Dropout, Flatten, Dense

##完美解决
##附上原文链接

https://qa-help.ru/questions/keras-batchnormalization