c++中对象，继承的引用

在c++中在传递一个父类引用的参数的时候，可以传递一个子类的实参进去，这也是继承中的一些特点，意味着子类可以使用父类的特点

具体例子入下：

// TheRefOfc++.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"




#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>

using namespace std;

void file_it(ostream& os, double fo, const double fe[], int n);
const int MINIT = 5;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
	ofstream fout;
	const char* fn = "ep-data.txt";
	fout.open(fn);


	if (!fout.is_open()){
		cout << "Can't open " << fn << ".Bye" << endl;
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	}

	double objective;
	cout << "Enter the focal length of your teleescope objective in mm: ";
	cin >> objective;

	double eps[MINIT];
	cout << "Enetr the focal lengths , in mm m of " << MINIT << "eyepices:" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cout << "Eyepiece :" << i + 1 << ":";
		cin >> eps[i];
	}

	file_it(fout, objective, eps, MINIT);

	file_it(fout, objective, eps, MINIT);
	cout << "Done!" << endl;
	return 0;
}


void file_it(ostream& os, double fo, const double fe[], int n){
	ios_base::fmtflags initial;
	initial = os.setf(ios_base::fixed);

	os.precision(2);
	os << "Focal lenght of objective: " << fo << "mm" << endl;
	os.setf(ios::showpoint);
	os.precision(1);
	os.width(12);
	os << "f.1 eyepiece ";
	os.width(15);

	os << "magnification " << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < MINIT; i++)
	{
		os.width(12);
		os << fe[i];
		os.width(15);
		os << int(fo / fe[i] + 0.5) << endl;
	}

}

在本例中需要的是一个ostream的形参，而传递的是一个ofstream的实参，用来实现将输出结果写入到文件中