Shift Cipher

Problem 3: Shift Cipher

Write a C++ program which encrypts and decrypts a sequence of input characters using an

algorithm adapted from the Vignѐre cipher as described below.

We first consider the algorithm to encrypt/decrypt a single character :

To encrypt (decrypt) a letter c (within the alphabet A-Z or a-z) with a shift of k positions:

1. Let x be c 's position in the alphabet (0 based), e.g., position of B is 1 and

position of g is 6.

2. For encryption, calculate y = x + k modulo 26;

for decryption, calculate y = x − k modulo 26.

3. Let w be the letter corresponding to position y in the alphabet. If c is in

uppercase, the encrypted (decrypted) letter is w in lowercase; otherwise, the

encrypted (decrypted) letter is w in uppercase.

A character which is not within the alphabet A-Z or a-z will remain unchanged under

encryption or decryption.

Example . Given letter B and k = 3, we have x = 1, y = 1 + 3 mod 26 = 4, and w = E . As B

is in uppercase, the encrypted letter is e .

Now, to encrypt/decrypt a sequence of characters: The number of positions, k , used to shift a character is determined by a key V of n

characters. For example, if V is a 4-character key 'C', 'O', 'M', 'P', and their positions in the

alphabet is 2, 14, 12 and 15, respectively. To encrypt a sequence of characters, we shift the

first character by +2 positions, the second by +14, the third by +12, the fourth by +15 and

repeat the key, i.e., we shift the fifth character by +2, the sixth by +14, until we encrypt all the

characters in the input sequence.

Example . Consider the input sequence of characters 'H','e','l','l','o','W','o','r','l','d' and a

4-character key 'C','O','M','P':

 

Note : For decryption, we will shift by − k instead of k .

Input:

• first line of input s c 1 c 2 c 3 … , where

◦ s is either the character e for encryption, or the character d for

decryption

◦ c 1 c 2 c 3 … is a sequence of space separated characters, ended by

! , to be encrypted or decrypted

◦ you may assume that the input number of characters to encrypt or

decrypt (including ! ) is no greater than 50.

• second line of input n v 1 v 2 … v n , where n is the number of characters in the

key, and v 1 , v 2 ,..., v n are the characters in the key.

◦ you may assume that all characters in the key is in uppercase and the

number of characters in the key is at least one and no greater than 10.

Output:

• the encrypted/decrypted message ended by ! . There should be no space

between two consecutive characters.

Requirement:

• You are provided with a template program 3.cpp . Read the code in the template

carefully to see what have been provided for you.

• You can ONLY use the simple data types char , bool , int , double and

arrays. In other words, you are not allowed to use other data types or data

structures such as strings or STL containers (e.g., vectors), etc.

Sample Test Cases

User inputs are shown in blue .

3_1

e !

3 A B C

!

3_2

e a B c D e !

2 X Y

XzZbB!

3_3

d X z Z b B !

2 X Y

aBcDe!

3_4 e H e l l o E N G G 1 3 4 0 / C O M P 2 1 1 3 !

4 C O M P

jSXAQszvi1340/odod2113!

3_5

d f 3 O 3 B 3 I _ P Q R 3 _ Q K _ X 3 D I J K 3 V _ W B F 3 !

9 C O D E I S F U N

D3l3t3d_cod3_is_d3bugg3d_cod3!