堆和栈的区别(3)

2.6 存取效率的比较

char s1[] = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";

char *s2 = "bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb";

aaaaaaaaaaa是在运行时刻赋值的；

而bbbbbbbbbbb是在编译时就确定的；

但是，在以后的存取中，在栈上的数组比指针所指向的字符串(例如堆)快。

比如：

#include
void main()
{
char a = 1;
char c[] = "1234567890";
char *p ="1234567890";
a = c[1];
a = p[1];
return;
}

对应的汇编代码

10: a = c[1];
00401067 8A 4D F1 mov cl,byte ptr [ebp-0Fh]
0040106A 88 4D FC mov byte ptr [ebp-4],cl
11: a = p[1];
0040106D 8B 55 EC mov edx,dword ptr [ebp-14h]
00401070 8A 42 01 mov al,byte ptr [edx+1]
00401073 88 45 FC mov byte ptr [ebp-4],al

第一种在读取时直接就把字符串中的元素读到寄存器cl中，而第二种则要先把指针值读到edx中，在根据edx读取字符，显然慢了。

2.7小结：

堆和栈的区别可以用如下的比喻来看出：

使用栈就象我们去饭馆里吃饭，只管点菜（发出申请）、付钱、和吃（使用），吃饱了就走，不必理会切菜、洗菜等准备工作和洗碗、刷锅等扫尾工作，他的好处是快捷，但是自由度小。

使用堆就象是自己动手做喜欢吃的菜肴，比较麻烦，但是比较符合自己的口味，而且自由度大。

堆和栈的区别主要分：

操作系统方面的堆和栈，如上面说的那些，不多说了。

还有就是数据结构方面的堆和栈，这些都是不同的概念。这里的堆实际上指的就是（满足堆性质的）优先队列的一种数据结构，第1个元素有最高的优先权；栈实际上就是满足先进后出的性质的数学或数据结构。

虽然堆栈，堆栈的说法是连起来叫，但是他们还是有很大区别的，连着叫只是由于历史的原因。

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