[C++] 基础教程 - std::count函数介绍和使用场景

std::count函数

1. 函数介绍

std::count是C++标准库中的一个算法，用于计算给定值在指定范围内出现的次数。它的原型如下：

template <class InputIt, class T>
size_t count(InputIt first, InputIt last, const T& value);

其中，first和last表示范围的起始和结束迭代器，value表示要查找的值。函数返回一个size_t类型的值，表示value在指定范围内出现的次数。

2. 使用场景

std::count函数在以下场景中非常有用：

2.1 统计数组中某个元素的出现次数

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> nums = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 2};
    int target = 2;

    size_t count = std::count(nums.begin(), nums.end(), target);
    std::cout << "The number " << target << " appears " << count << " times in the array." << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

输出结果：

The number 2 appears 3 times in the array.

2.2 统计字符串中某个字符的出现次数

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>

int main() {
    std::string str = "hello world";
    char target = 'l';

    size_t count = std::count(str.begin(), str.end(), target);
    std::cout << "The character '" << target << "' appears " << count << " times in the string." << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

输出结果：

The character 'l' appears 3 times in the string.

2.3 统计容器中某个元素的出现次数

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <set>

int main() {
    std::vector<int> nums = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 2};
    int target = 2;

    size_t count = std::count(nums.begin(), nums.end(), target);
    std::cout << "The number " << target << " appears " << count << " times in the vector." << std::endl;

    std::set<int> s = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 2};
    count = std::count(s.begin(), s.end(), target);
    std::cout << "The number " << target << " appears " << count << " times in the set." << std::endl;

    return 0;
}

输出结果：

The number 2 appears 3 times in the vector.
The number 2 appears 3 times in the set.

3. 总结

std::count函数是一个非常实用的算法，它可以帮助我们快速统计给定值在指定范围内的出现次数。无论是统计数组、字符串还是容器中的元素出现次数，都可以使用std::count函数轻松实现。