Gray Code问题及分析

问题描述：

The gray code is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one bit.

Given a non-negative integer n representing the total number of bits in the code, print the sequence of gray code. A gray code sequence must begin with 0.

示例：

given n = 2, return [0,1,3,2]. Its gray code sequence is:

00 - 0
01 - 1
11 - 3
10 - 2

Note:
For a given n, a gray code sequence is not uniquely defined.

For example, [0,2,3,1] is also a valid gray code sequence according to the above definition.

For now, the judge is able to judge based on one instance of gray code sequence. Sorry about that.

问题分析：

通过分析规律可得如下两种解决方法：

①G(i) = i ^ (i / 2);

②先把原数组分成两份，左边的先保留，右边的数组再分成两份a和b，a和b互换位置；以此回溯，直到 n = 1结束。

过程详见代码（②）：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> grayCode(int n) {
		vector<int> res;
        n = (int)pow(2, n);
		for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
			res.push_back(i);
		sortGrayCode(res, n, 0);
		return res;
	}

	void sortGrayCode(vector<int>& res,int n,int start)
	{
		if (n == 1) return;
		sortGrayCode(res, n / 2, start);
		for (int i = start + n / 2; i < start + n / 2 + n / 4; i++)
			swap(res[i], res[i + n / 4]);
		sortGrayCode(res, n / 2, start + n / 2);
	}
};