Linux kernel版本号的获取以及修改

在使用linux的时候，我们使用cat /proc/version命令来获得我们内核的版本号，但是是如何产生的呢？

请看内核源码中的fs/proc/version.c文件：

#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/utsname.h>

static int version_proc_show(struct seq_file *m, void *v)
{
	seq_printf(m, linux_proc_banner,
		utsname()->sysname,
		utsname()->release,
		utsname()->version);
	return 0;
}

static int version_proc_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	return single_open(file, version_proc_show, NULL);
}

static const struct file_operations version_proc_fops = {
	.open		= version_proc_open,
	.read		= seq_read,
	.llseek		= seq_lseek,
	.release	= single_release,
};

static int __init proc_version_init(void)
{
	proc_create("version", 0, NULL, &version_proc_fops);
	return 0;
}
fs_initcall(proc_version_init);

这里有个version_proc_show函数，继续跟踪代码----->include/linux/utsname.h：

static inline struct new_utsname *utsname(void)
{
	return &current->nsproxy->uts_ns->name;
}

在utsname中有一个nsproxy。这个在kernel/nsproxy.c中定义。其中，有一个uts_ns成员。

struct nsproxy init_nsproxy = {
	.count			= ATOMIC_INIT(1),
	.uts_ns			= &init_uts_ns,
#if defined(CONFIG_POSIX_MQUEUE) || defined(CONFIG_SYSVIPC)
	.ipc_ns			= &init_ipc_ns,
#endif
	.mnt_ns			= NULL,
	.pid_ns_for_children	= &init_pid_ns,
#ifdef CONFIG_NET
	.net_ns			= &init_net,
#endif
};

继续搜索init_uts_ns，在init/version.c中：

struct uts_namespace init_uts_ns = {
	.kref = {
		.refcount	= ATOMIC_INIT(2),
	},
	.name = {
		.sysname	= UTS_SYSNAME,
		.nodename	= UTS_NODENAME,
		.release	= UTS_RELEASE,
		.version	= UTS_VERSION,
		.machine	= UTS_MACHINE,
		.domainname	= UTS_DOMAINNAME,
	},
	.user_ns = &init_user_ns,
	.ns.inum = PROC_UTS_INIT_INO,
#ifdef CONFIG_UTS_NS
	.ns.ops = &utsns_operations,
#endif
};

nit_uts_ns中使用的UTS_VERSION的定义在哪里定义的呢？

搜索，发现在内核源码目录的/include/generated/compile.h中：

当发现没有的时候，可以查看一下内核源码目录的/scripts/mkcompile_h文件：

#!/bin/sh

TARGET=$1
ARCH=$2
SMP=$3
PREEMPT=$4
RT=$5
CC=$6

vecho() { [ "${quiet}" = "silent_" ] || echo "$@" ; }

# If compile.h exists already and we don't own autoconf.h
# (i.e. we're not the same user who did make *config), don't
# modify compile.h
# So "sudo make install" won't change the "compiled by <user>"
# do "compiled by root"

if [ -r $TARGET -a ! -O include/generated/autoconf.h ]; then
  vecho "  SKIPPED $TARGET"
  exit 0
fi

# Do not expand names
set -f

# Fix the language to get consistent output
LC_ALL=C
export LC_ALL

if [ -z "$KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION" ]; then
	if [ -r .version ]; then
		VERSION=`cat .version`
	else
		VERSION=0
		echo 0 > .version
	fi
else
	VERSION=$KBUILD_BUILD_VERSION
fi

if [ -z "$KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP" ]; then
	TIMESTAMP=`date`
else
	TIMESTAMP=$KBUILD_BUILD_TIMESTAMP
fi
if test -z "$KBUILD_BUILD_USER"; then
	LINUX_COMPILE_BY=$(whoami | sed 's/\\/\\\\/')
else
	LINUX_COMPILE_BY=$KBUILD_BUILD_USER
fi
if test -z "$KBUILD_BUILD_HOST"; then
	LINUX_COMPILE_HOST=`hostname`
else
	LINUX_COMPILE_HOST=$KBUILD_BUILD_HOST
fi

UTS_VERSION="#$VERSION"
CONFIG_FLAGS=""
if [ -n "$SMP" ] ; then CONFIG_FLAGS="SMP"; fi
if [ -n "$PREEMPT" ] ; then CONFIG_FLAGS="$CONFIG_FLAGS PREEMPT"; fi
if [ -n "$RT" ] ; then CONFIG_FLAGS="$CONFIG_FLAGS RT"; fi
UTS_VERSION="$UTS_VERSION $CONFIG_FLAGS $TIMESTAMP"

# Truncate to maximum length

UTS_LEN=64
UTS_TRUNCATE="cut -b -$UTS_LEN"

# Generate a temporary compile.h

( echo /\* This file is auto generated, version $VERSION \*/
  if [ -n "$CONFIG_FLAGS" ] ; then echo "/* $CONFIG_FLAGS */"; fi

  echo \#define UTS_MACHINE \"$ARCH\"

  echo \#define UTS_VERSION \"`echo $UTS_VERSION | $UTS_TRUNCATE`\"

  echo \#define LINUX_COMPILE_BY \"`echo $LINUX_COMPILE_BY | $UTS_TRUNCATE`\"
  echo \#define LINUX_COMPILE_HOST \"`echo $LINUX_COMPILE_HOST | $UTS_TRUNCATE`\"

  echo \#define LINUX_COMPILER \"`$CC -v 2>&1 | grep ' version '`\"
) > .tmpcompile

# Only replace the real compile.h if the new one is different,
# in order to preserve the timestamp and avoid unnecessary
# recompilations.
# We don't consider the file changed if only the date/time changed.
# A kernel config change will increase the generation number, thus
# causing compile.h to be updated (including date/time) due to the
# changed comment in the
# first line.

if [ -r $TARGET ] && \
      grep -v 'UTS_VERSION' $TARGET > .tmpver.1 && \
      grep -v 'UTS_VERSION' .tmpcompile > .tmpver.2 && \
      cmp -s .tmpver.1 .tmpver.2; then
   rm -f .tmpcompile
else
   vecho "  UPD     $TARGET"
   mv -f .tmpcompile $TARGET
fi
rm -f .tmpver.1 .tmpver.2

compile.h是由该脚本来生成的。每次重新编译内核，都会生成一个新的compile.h文件，要修改UTS_VERSION等参数，我们可以直接修改该脚本或者是compile.h文件即可。