python matplot绘图整理，中文显示，坐标轴，标记，柱状图

1. 中文标注

windows+linux

 

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 步骤一（替换sans-serif字体）

plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False   # 步骤二（解决坐标轴负数的负号显示问题）

 

Mac

from matplotlib.font_manager import FontManager
fm = FontManager()
mat_fonts = set(f.name for f in fm.ttflist)
print(mat_fonts)

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['Arial Unicode MS']

 

2. 表头

plt.title(ylabel, fontsize=fs)

 

3. xy轴边界

plt.xlim(0.5, 5.5)

plt.ylim(0.5, 1.0)

 

4. xy轴刻度

plt.xticks(range(10))  # 设置x刻度

plt.yticks([0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0,1.2])  # 设置y刻度

 

5. xy轴标签

    fig.set_xticklabels('%.1f'%i for i in range(10) , fontsize=12 )# x轴刻度标签

   fig.set_yticklabels("%.2f" %i for i in [0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8,1.0,1.2])  # y轴刻度标签

 

6. 图例

plt.legend(loc = 'best')

# 显示图例，loc表示位置

# 'best'         : 0, (only implemented for axes legends)(自适应方式)

# 'upper right'  : 1,

# 'upper left'   : 2,

# 'lower left'   : 3,

# 'lower right'  : 4,

# 'right'        : 5,

# 'center left'  : 6,

# 'center right' : 7,

# 'lower center' : 8,

# 'upper center' : 9,

# 'center'       : 10,

 

7. 在图中显示文字标注

 

#三个参数分别为x,y,要显示的内容

plt.text(xloc,yloc,str)

 

8. 多张图

    #定义figrue

plt.figure(figsize=(18,8))

ax = plt.subplot2grid( (2,2) , 0 , 0 )

ax.plot(x , y  ,'*--' , c='r' , label=’x1’)

 

9. 柱状图

   ax.bar(x , line1,color='white', edgecolor='black' , hatch='//')

   

Y = np.linspace(0,1,12)

X = np.ones(Y.size)

markers = ['.',',','o','v','^','<','>','1','2','3','4',

           's','p','*','h','H','+','x','D','d','|','_', r'$\clubsuit$']

 

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,6), dpi=72, facecolor="white")

axes = plt.subplot(111)

for i,marker in enumerate(markers):

    axes.plot( (1+i)*X, Y, color = '0.9', linewidth=1,

               markersize = 13, marker=marker, markeredgecolor = '0.10', markerfacecolor = '0.75')

plt.show()

 

import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

X = np.linspace(0,1,10)

Y = np.ones(X.size)

patterns = ('/','//','-', '+', 'x', '\\', '\\\\', '*', 'o', 'O', '.')

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,6), dpi=72, facecolor="white")

axes = plt.subplot(111)

for i,pattern in enumerate(patterns):

    axes.bar( .5+i, 1, hatch=pattern, color='white', edgecolor='blue',)

axes.set_xlim(0,len(patterns)+.5)

axes.set_ylim(0,1)

axes.set_yticks([])

axes.set_xticks(np.arange(1,len(patterns)+1))

axes.set_xticklabels(patterns)

plt.show()

10. 美化风格

plt.style.use('ggplot')