s='LDA_fft_meanlog_lowcut0.1highcut180nfreq_bands8win_length_sec30stride_sec30'
ss=s.replace('LDA_fft_meanlog_lowcut0.1highcut180','')
print ss
replace_dics={'LDA_fft_meanlog_lowcut0.1highcut180':'','nfreq_bands':'B:','win_length_sec':'_W:','stride_sec':'_L:'}
for it in replace_dics:
s=s.replace(it,replace_dics[it])
print s
[out]:
nfreq_bands8win_length_sec30stride_sec30
B:8_W:30_L:30