设计模式笔记（二）—— 建造者模式

设计模式学习笔记，感谢geely老师的《Java设计模式精讲 Debug方式+内存分析》课程。

建造者模式

定义：

将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示；用户只需指定需要建造的类型就可以得到它们，建造过程及细节不需要知道

类型：

创建型

适用场景：

如果一个对象有非常复杂的内部结构（很多属性）；想把复杂对象的创建和使用分离

优点：

封装性好，创建和使用分离；扩展性好，建造类之间独立，一定程度上解耦

缺点：

产生多余的Builder对象；产品内部发生变化，建造者都要修改，成本较大

实现：

Lombok中可使用@Builder注解

public class Course {
    private String courseName;
    private String coursePPT;
    private String courseVideo;
    private String courseArticle;
    private String courseQA;

    public Course(CourseBuilder courseBuilder) {
        this.courseName = courseBuilder.courseName;
        this.coursePPT = courseBuilder.coursePPT;
        this.courseVideo = courseBuilder.courseVideo;
        this.courseArticle = courseBuilder.courseArticle;
        this.courseQA = courseBuilder.courseQA;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Course{" +
                "courseName='" + courseName + '\'' +
                ", coursePPT='" + coursePPT + '\'' +
                ", courseVideo='" + courseVideo + '\'' +
                ", courseArticle='" + courseArticle + '\'' +
                ", courseQA='" + courseQA + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public static class CourseBuilder {
        private String courseName;
        private String coursePPT;
        private String courseVideo;
        private String courseArticle;
        private String courseQA;

        public CourseBuilder buildCourseName(String courseName) {
            this.courseName = courseName;
            return this;
        }
        public CourseBuilder buildCoursePPT(String coursePPT) {
            this.coursePPT = coursePPT;
            return this;
        }
        public CourseBuilder buildCourseVideo(String courseVide) {
            this.courseVideo = courseVide;
            return this;
        }
        public CourseBuilder buildCourseArticle(String courseArticle) {
            this.courseArticle = courseArticle;
            return this;
        }
        public CourseBuilder buildCourseQA(String courseQA) {
            this.courseQA = courseQA;
            return this;
        }

        public Course build() {
            return new Course(this);
        }
    }
}

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Course course = new Course.CourseBuilder().buildCourseName("Java设计模式课程")
                .buildCoursePPT("Java设计模式PPT")
                .buildCourseVideo("Java设计模式视频")
                .build();
        System.out.println(course);
    }
}

具体使用场景：

1、StringBuilder

    @Override
    public StringBuilder append(String str) {
        super.append(str);
        return this;
    }
    @Override
    public StringBuilder append(CharSequence s, int start, int end) {
        super.append(s, start, end);
        return this;
    }
    @Override
    public StringBuilder append(char[] str) {
        super.append(str);
        return this;
    }
    ...

2、StringBuffer
（StringBuffer中append加了同步的synchronized，是线程安全的）

   public synchronized StringBuffer append(StringBuffer sb) {
        toStringCache = null;
        super.append(sb);
        return this;
    }
    /**
     * @since 1.8
     */
    @Override
    synchronized StringBuffer append(AbstractStringBuilder asb) {
        toStringCache = null;
        super.append(asb);
        return this;
    }
    ...

3、ImmutableSet

  public static <E> ImmutableSet<E> copyOf(Iterator<? extends E> elements) {
    if (!elements.hasNext()) {
      return of();
    }
    E first = elements.next();
    if (!elements.hasNext()) {
      return of(first);
    } else {
      return new ImmutableSet.Builder<E>().add(first).addAll(elements).build();
    }
  }

4、Spring中，BeanDefinitionBuilder

    public static BeanDefinitionBuilder genericBeanDefinition(String beanClassName) {
		BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = new BeanDefinitionBuilder(new GenericBeanDefinition());
		builder.beanDefinition.setBeanClassName(beanClassName);
		return builder;
	}
	
	public BeanDefinitionBuilder setParentName(String parentName) {
		this.beanDefinition.setParentName(parentName);
		return this;
	}
	public BeanDefinitionBuilder setFactoryMethod(String factoryMethod) {
		this.beanDefinition.setFactoryMethodName(factoryMethod);
		return this;
	}
	...

5、Mybatis中，SqlSessionFactoryBuilder，XMLConfigBuilder

  public SqlSessionFactory build(InputStream inputStream, String environment, Properties properties) {
    try {
      XMLConfigBuilder parser = new XMLConfigBuilder(inputStream, environment, properties);
      return build(parser.parse());
    } catch (Exception e) {
      throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error building SqlSession.", e);
    } finally {
      ErrorContext.instance().reset();
      try {
        inputStream.close();
      } catch (IOException e) {
        // Intentionally ignore. Prefer previous error.
      }
    }
  }