Android IPC-AIDL

调用远程服务方法步骤
远程绑定服务时无法通过同一个接口来调用方法，这时就需要使用AIDL技术
将接口扩展名改为“.aidl”
去掉权限修饰符
gen文件夹下会生成同名接口
将服务中自定义的IBinder类改为继承接口中的Stub
用Stub.asInterface()方法把ServiceConnection中返回的IBinder转为接口类型

AS中aidl的使用
1.在main下面新建文件夹aidl
2.包名与在java中保持一致

下面是具体实现步骤
aidl接口文件如下，注意自定义的对象参数前要加in标识符，必须显式导入Book，不然as会报错

package mytest.jiang.wei.ipc.aidl;

import java.util.List;
import mytest.jiang.wei.ipc.aidl.Book;

/**
 * Created by wei.jiang on 2015/11/24.
 */
interface IBookManager {
    List<Book> getBookList();
void addBook(in Book book);
}

Book实体类继承自Parceable，写法这里就不给出了，，当然As可以为我们自动 生成。下面要声明book的aidl文件，如下

package mytest.jiang.wei.ipc.aidl;

parcelable Book;

下面就是Service了，这里在一个程序中，为Service执行android:procee=”:remote”，让Service运行在单独的进程中，要注意对象读写的同步操作，这里使用CopyOnWriteArrayList

public class BookManagerService extends Service {


//内部实现了读写同步
private CopyOnWriteArrayList<Book> bookList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Book>();

private List<IOnNewBookArrivedListener> mListenerList = new ArrayList<IOnNewBookArrivedListener>();
private Binder mBinder = new IBookManager.Stub() {

@Override
public List<Book> getBookList() throws RemoteException {
return bookList;
        }

@Override
public void addBook(Book book) throws RemoteException {
bookList.add(book);
        }
    };

@Nullable
    @Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
    }



@Override
public void onCreate() {
bookList.add(new Book(1, "第一本书"));
bookList.add(new Book(2, "第二本书"));
super.onCreate();
    }
}

最后是客户端Activity,两个事件中分别去调addBook与getBookList方法

public class BooKManagerActivity extends Activity {

private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
bookManager = IBookManager.Stub.asInterface(service);
try {
                List<Book> bookList = bookManager.getBookList();
for (Book book : bookList) {
                    System.out.println(book.getBookName());
                }
        }

@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {

        }
    };
private IBookManager bookManager;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_aidl);
    }

public void bind(View v) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, BookManagerService.class);
        bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

public void addBook(View v) {
try {
bookManager.addBook(new Book(12, "新书"));
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

public void getBook(View v) {
try {
            List<Book> bookList = bookManager.getBookList();
for (Book book : bookList) {
                System.out.println(book.getBookName());
            }
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

上面的都很简单，下面要为addbook添加监听，，这里设计到接口的传递，aidl可以传递aidl本身，所以接口也必须是一个aidl文件。

package mytest.jiang.wei.ipc.aidl;

import mytest.jiang.wei.ipc.aidl.Book;

/**
 * Created by wei.jiang on 2015/11/27.
 */
interface IOnNewBookArrivedListener {

void onNewBookArrived(in Book book);
}

然后需要给IBookManager添加两个注册与反注册的方法

interface IBookManager {
    List<Book> getBookList();
void addBook(in Book book);
void registerListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener);
void unregisterListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener);
}

这里是典型的观察者模式，Service中需要在addBook中添加回调

private RemoteCallbackList<IOnNewBookArrivedListener> mListenerList = new RemoteCallbackList<IOnNewBookArrivedListener>();
private Binder mBinder = new IBookManager.Stub() {

@Override
public List<Book> getBookList() throws RemoteException {
return bookList;
    }

@Override
public void addBook(Book book) throws RemoteException {
bookList.add(book);
        notifyListener(book);
    }

@Override
public void registerListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener) throws RemoteException {
mListenerList.register(listener);
    }

@Override
public void unregisterListener(IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener) throws RemoteException {
mListenerList.unregister(listener);
    }
};
public void notifyListener(Book book) throws RemoteException {
    System.out.println(book.getBookName());
int N = mListenerList.beginBroadcast();
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener = mListenerList.getBroadcastItem(i);
if (listener != null)
            listener.onNewBookArrived(book);
    }
mListenerList.finishBroadcast();
}
public void notifyListener(Book book) throws RemoteException {
    System.out.println(book.getBookName());
int N = mListenerList.beginBroadcast();
for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener = mListenerList.getBroadcastItem(i);
if (listener != null)
            listener.onNewBookArrived(book);
    }
mListenerList.finishBroadcast();
}

这里要注意的是我们用RemoteCallbackList集合去做存listener,因为客户端设置的listener与服务端的 并不是同一个对象，只是有相同的Binder,所以普通的List并不能实现添加与删除。 RemoteCallbackList通过键值对的形式去查找相应的listener，并实现增减.

接下来就是去Activity注册listener并实现回调函数， 在onServiceConnected中添加如下

bookManager.registerListener(new IOnNewBookArrivedListener.Stub() {

@Override
public void onNewBookArrived(Book book) throws RemoteException {
        System.out.println("监听到新书来了：" + book.getBookName());
    }
});

这样book的监听就实现了。