一.介绍
- linux内核中等待队列应用非常广泛,比如进程调度或者一些中断处理下半部处理,对于进程来说,当进程在等待某些条件时,希望等待条件满足的进程把自己放在相应的队列,并放弃控制权给其他进程,当条件被满足时,由内核唤醒.
- 等待队列由循环链表实现,其元素包括指向进程描述符的指针。每个等待队列都有一个等待队列头(wait queue head),等待队列头是一个类型为wait_queue_head_t的数据结构.
二.队列结构及接口介绍
- 队列相关信息在 include/linux/wait.h 文件中
- 队列头结构及初始化
struct wait_queue_head {
spinlock_t lock;
struct list_head head;
};
一个双向链表,一个自旋锁
#define __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(name) { \
.lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(name.lock), \
.head = { &(name).head, &(name).head } }
#define DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(name) \
struct wait_queue_head name = __WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD_INITIALIZER(name)
初始化队列头及自旋锁
struct wait_queue_entry {
unsigned int flags;
void *private;
wait_queue_func_t func;
struct list_head entry;
};
flags: 包含跟进程相关的一系列标志,比如TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE,TASK_KILLABLE,WQ_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE等等
private:是当前任务结构体,大多数情况是current
func:为唤醒回调函数
entry:挂到队列头的结点
#define __WAITQUEUE_INITIALIZER(name, tsk) { \
.private = tsk, \
.func = default_wake_function, \
.entry = { NULL, NULL } }
#define DECLARE_WAITQUEUE(name, tsk) \
struct wait_queue_entry name = __WAITQUEUE_INITIALIZER(name, tsk)
实始化队列结点,即wait_queue_entry
1. 创建一个entry,结点
2. 把一个任务赋值给private, 可以是当前任务,也可以是其他任务.
3. 挂载默认唤醒回调函数.
4. 初始化双向链表结点
static inline void __add_wait_queue(struct wait_queue_head *wq_head, struct wait_queue_entry *wq_entry)
{
list_add(&wq_entry->entry, &wq_head->head);
}
/*
* Used for wake-one threads:
*/
static inline void
__add_wait_queue_exclusive(struct wait_queue_head *wq_head, struct wait_queue_entry *wq_entry)
{
wq_entry->flags |= WQ_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE;
__add_wait_queue(wq_head, wq_entry);
}
将对队列结点挂入队列中,就是一个链表添加操作
这里有两个操作,一个带WQ_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE标志,一个不带
WQ_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE:表示独占唤醒信号,即唤醒一个等待的任务.
不带此标志:代表唤醒所有等待的任务
#define ___wait_event(wq_head, condition, state, exclusive, ret, cmd) \
({ \
__label__ __out; \
struct wait_queue_entry __wq_entry; \
long __ret = ret; /* explicit shadow */ \
\
init_wait_entry(&__wq_entry, exclusive ? WQ_FLAG_EXCLUSIVE : 0); \
for (;;) { \
long __int = prepare_to_wait_event(&wq_head, &__wq_entry, state);\
\
if (condition) \
break; \
\
if (___wait_is_interruptible(state) && __int) { \
__ret = __int; \
goto __out; \
} \
\
cmd; \
} \
finish_wait(&wq_head, &__wq_entry); \
__out: __ret; \
})
#define wait_event(wq_head, condition) \
do { \
might_sleep(); \
if (condition) \
break; \
__wait_event(wq_head, condition); \
} while (0)
__wait__event: 主要做了四件事:
1. 判断condition是否满足,如果满足,返回,不满足向下执行等待条件满足
2.创建队列结点并实始化,跟DECLARE_WAITQUEUE做的工作一样.
3.添加队列结点到队列,并设置当前任务状态TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE等相关状态
4.放度控制权,即调用schedule();
void __wake_up(struct wait_queue_head *wq_head, unsigned int mode,
int nr_exclusive, void *key)
{
__wake_up_common_lock(wq_head, mode, nr_exclusive, 0, key);
}
#define wake_up(x) __wake_up(x, TASK_NORMAL, 1, NULL)
__wake_up: 当条件满足时,唤醒wait_event等待的任务.
等待与唤醒条件或方式不一样,根据需要选择即可
#define wait_event_freezable(wq_head, condition)
#define wait_event_timeout(wq_head, condition, timeout)
#define wait_event_interruptible(wq_head, condition)
#define wait_event_killable(wq_head, condition)
...
#define wake_up_interruptible(x) __wake_up(x, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, 1, NULL)
#define wake_up_interruptible_nr(x, nr) __wake_up(x, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, nr, NULL)
#define wake_up_interruptible_all(x) __wake_up(x, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, 0, NULL)
#define wake_up_interruptible_sync(x) __wake_up_sync((x), TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, 1)
...
三.整体结构图如下