常用数据序列化类型
常用的数据类型对应的Hadoop数据序列化类型
Java类型 | Hadoop Writable类型 |
---|---|
Boolean | BooleanWritable |
Byte | ByteWritable |
Int | IntWritable |
Float | FloatWritable |
Long | LongWritable |
Double | DoubleWritable |
String | Text |
Map | MapWritable |
Array | ArrayWritable |
MapReduce编程规范
用户编写的程序分成三个部分:Mapper、Reducer和Driver
- Mapper阶段
1)用户自定义的Mapper要继承自己的父类
2)Mapper的输入数据是KV对的形式(KV的类型可自定义)
3)Mapper中的业务逻辑写在map()方法中
4)Mapper的输出数据是KV对的形式(KV的类型可自定义)
5)map()方法(MapTask进程)对每一个<K,V>调用一次 - Reducer阶段
1)用户自定义的Reducer要继承自己的父类
2)Reducer的输入数据类型对应Mapper的输出数据类型,也是KV
3)Reducer的业务逻辑写在reduce()方法中
4)ReduceTask进程对每一组相同k的<k,v>组调用一次reduce()方法 - Driver阶段
相当于YARN集群的客户端,用于提交我们整个程序到YARN集群,提交的是封装了MapReduce程序相关运行参数的job对象
WordCount案例实操
- 需求
在给定的文本文件中统计输出每一个单词出现的总次数
liujh liujh
ss ss
cls cls
jiao
banzhang
xue
hadoop
期望输出数据
liujh 2
banzhang 1
cls 2
hadoop 1
jiao 1
ss 2
xue 1
- 需求分析
按照MapReduce编程规范,分别编写Mapper,Reducer,Driver
- 创建maven工程在pom.xml文件中添加如下依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId>
<version>2.7.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
<version>2.7.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
<artifactId>hadoop-hdfs</artifactId>
<version>2.7.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在项目的src/main/resources目录下,新建一个文件,命名为“log4j.properties”,在文件中填入
log4j.rootLogger=INFO, stdout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.logfile.File=target/spring.log
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
- 编写程序
1)编写Mapper类
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
public class WordcountMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, IntWritable>{
Text k = new Text();
IntWritable v = new IntWritable(1);
@Override
protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
// 1 获取一行
String line = value.toString();
// 2 切割
String[] words = line.split(" ");
// 3 输出
for (String word : words) {
k.set(word);
context.write(k, v);
}
}
}
2)编写Reducer类
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
public class WordcountReducer extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable>{
int sum;
IntWritable v = new IntWritable();
@Override
protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values,Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
// 1 累加求和
sum = 0;
for (IntWritable count : values) {
sum += count.get();
}
// 2 输出
v.set(sum);
context.write(key,v);
}
}
3)编写Driver驱动类
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
public class WordcountDriver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
// 1 获取配置信息以及封装任务
Configuration configuration = new Configuration();
Job job = Job.getInstance(configuration);
// 2 设置jar加载路径
job.setJarByClass(WordcountDriver.class);
// 3 设置map和reduce类
job.setMapperClass(WordcountMapper.class);
job.setReducerClass(WordcountReducer.class);
// 4 设置map输出
job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
// 5 设置最终输出kv类型
job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
// 6 设置输入和输出路径
FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));
// 7 提交
boolean result = job.waitForCompletion(true);
System.exit(result ? 0 : 1);
}
}
- 本地测试
1)如果电脑系统是win7的就将win7的hadoop jar包解压到非中文路径,并在Windows环境上配置HADOOP_HOME环境变量。如果是电脑win10操作系统,就解压win10的hadoop jar包,并配置HADOOP_HOME环境变量。
注意:win8电脑和win10家庭版操作系统可能有问题,需要重新编译源码或者更改操作系统
在Eclipse/Idea上运行程序 - 集群上测试
用maven打jar包,需要添加的打包插件依赖
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin </artifactId>
<configuration>
<descriptorRefs>
<descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
</descriptorRefs>
<archive>
<manifest>
<mainClass>com.liujh.mr.WordcountDriver</mainClass>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>make-assembly</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>single</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
注意:如果工程上显示红叉。在项目上右键->maven->update project即可
1)将程序打成jar包,然后拷贝到Hadoop集群中
步骤详情:右键->Run as->maven install。等待编译完成就会在项目的target文件夹中生成jar包。如果看不到。在项目上右键-》Refresh,即可看到。修改不带依赖的jar包名称为wc.jar,并拷贝该jar包到Hadoop集群。
2)启动Hadoop集群
3)执行WordCount程序
[liujh@hadoop102 software]$ hadoop jar wc.jar
com.liujh.wordcount.WordcountDriver /user/liujh/input /user/liujh/output
简书:https://www.jianshu.com/u/0278602aea1d
CSDN:https://blog.csdn.net/u012387141