【再回首Python之美】【元组】元组tuple的基本使用

tuple概念：

        e_t = （e0, e1, e2，……，eN）

 用英文括号括起来的多个元素序列（元素之间用英文逗号隔开），这样一个序列称为元组，元组内的元素个数没有限制。

元组支持的操作：

 对象类型：type(e_t)

对象属性：dir(e_t)

 对象长度（元素总数）：count = e_t.__len__()

 单元素：e_t[pos]

 首元素：e_t[0]

 尾元素：e_t[count - 1]

切片(子元组)：e_t[x:y]，必需：x < y，否则返回空tuple，()

其他操作

示例代码：

#ex_tuple.py
#元组(tuple)是一种序列
#元组创建后，元组内的元素不能被修改

self_file = __file__ #save current file absulote path

position = (1,3, 5)
students = ("Tom0", "Tom1", "Tom2", "Tom3", "Tom4", "TomEnd")

print "\n====dump type=="
print type(position)
print type(students)


print "\n===dump tuple attr==="
print dir(students)
#['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__',
#'__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__',
#'__getnewargs__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__',
#'__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__',
#'__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmul__',
#'__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__',
#'count', 'index']


print "\n===get tuple total count==="
cnt = students.__len__() #元组内元素总个数
print cnt


print "\n===dump tuple all member==="
print position
print students


print "\n===print with tuple==="
print "position:(%d, %d, %d)" % position
print "students:(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s, %s)" % students


print "\n===visit tuple's one member==="
print "1st member:%s" % students[0]
print "2nd member:%s" % students[1]
print "End member:%s" % students[students.__len__() - 1]
#print "End member:%s" % students[students.__len__()] #IndexError: tuple index out of range


print "\n===visit tuple's section==="
print "===case 1"
print students[0:0]     #()
print students[0:1]     #('Tom0',)
print students[0:2]     #('Tom0', 'Tom1')
print students[0:cnt-1] #('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4')
print students[0:cnt]   #('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')
print students[0:]      #('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')

print "===case 2"
print students[:0]      #()
print students[:1]      #('Tom0',)
print students[:2]      #('Tom0', 'Tom1')
print students[:cnt-1]  #('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4')
print students[:cnt]    #('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')
print students[:]       #('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')

print "===case 3"
print students[0:2]     #('Tom0', 'Tom1')
print students[1:2]     #('Tom1',)
print students[2:2]     #()
print students[cnt-1:2] #()
print students[cnt:2]   #() 
print students[:2]      #('Tom0', 'Tom1')

print "===case 4"
print students[0:]      #('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')
print students[1:]      #('Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')
print students[2:]      #('Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')
print students[cnt-1:]  #('TomEnd',)
print students[cnt:]    #()
print students[:]       #('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')

print "===case 5"
print students[-1:]     #('TomEnd',)
print students[-2:]     #('Tom4', 'TomEnd')
print students[:-1]     #('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4')
print students[:-2]     #('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3')
print students[1:-1]    #('Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4')
print students[2:-1]    #('Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4')



print "\n===self-define function===="
def get_ele(pos1, pos2):
    return (students[pos1], students[pos2])

begin = 0
end = cnt - 1
x, y = get_ele(begin, end)
print x, y  #Tom0 TomEnd

(x, y) = get_ele(begin, end)
print (x,y) #('Tom0', 'TomEnd')     one tuple
print x,y   #Tom0 TomEnd            two variable   
print [x,y] #['Tom0', 'TomEnd']     one list      

print "\nexit %s" % self_file

编译执行：

====================== RESTART: C:/Python27/ex_tuple.py ======================

====dump type==
<type 'tuple'>
<type 'tuple'>

===dump tuple attr===
['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__iter__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', 'count', 'index']

===get tuple total count===
6

===dump tuple all member===
(1, 3, 5)
('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')

===print with tuple===
position:(1, 3, 5)
students:(Tom0, Tom1, Tom2, Tom3, Tom4, TomEnd)

===visit tuple's one member===
1st member:Tom0
2nd member:Tom1
End member:TomEnd

===visit tuple's section===
===case 1
()
('Tom0',)
('Tom0', 'Tom1')
('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4')
('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')
('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')
===case 2
()
('Tom0',)
('Tom0', 'Tom1')
('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4')
('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')
('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')
===case 3
('Tom0', 'Tom1')
('Tom1',)
()
()
()
('Tom0', 'Tom1')
===case 4
('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')
('Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')
('Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')
('TomEnd',)
()
('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4', 'TomEnd')
===case 5
('TomEnd',)
('Tom4', 'TomEnd')
('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4')
('Tom0', 'Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3')
('Tom1', 'Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4')
('Tom2', 'Tom3', 'Tom4')

===self-define function====
Tom0 TomEnd
('Tom0', 'TomEnd')
Tom0 TomEnd
['Tom0', 'TomEnd']

exit C:/Python27/ex_tuple.py
>>> 

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