模式匹配

匹配值

val times = 1

times match {
  case 1 => "one"
  case 2 => "two"
  case _ => "some other number"
}

使用守卫进行匹配

times match {
  case i if i == 1 => "one"
  case i if i == 2 => "two"
  case _ => "some other number"
}

匹配类型

def bigger(o: Any): Any = {
  o match {
    case i: Int if i < 0 => i - 1
    case i: Int => i + 1
    case d: Double if d < 0.0 => d - 0.1
    case d: Double => d + 0.1
    case text: String => text + "s"
  }
}

匹配类成员

def calcType(calc: Calculator) = calc match {
  case _ if calc.brand == "hp" && calc.model == "20B" => "financial"
  case _ if calc.brand == "hp" && calc.model == "48G" => "scientific"
  case _ if calc.brand == "hp" && calc.model == "30B" => "business"
  case _ => "unknown"
}

样本类 Case Classes

使用样本类可以方便得存储和匹配类的内容。你不用new关键字就可以创建它们。

scala> case class Calculator(brand: String, model: String)
defined class Calculator

scala> val hp20b = Calculator("hp", "20b")
hp20b: Calculator = Calculator(hp,20b)

样本类基于构造函数的参数，自动地实现了相等性和易读的toString方法。

scala> val hp20b = Calculator("hp", "20b")
hp20b: Calculator = Calculator(hp,20b)

scala> val hp20B = Calculator("hp", "20b")
hp20B: Calculator = Calculator(hp,20b)

scala> hp20b == hp20B
res6: Boolean = true