1、资源文件
图标、光标、字符串、菜单、加速键、对话框资源,位图资源等
2、图标资源ICON
——2.1
常用的几种大小:16*16、32*32、48*48、
——2.2使用
HICON LoadIcon(
HINSTANCE hInstance //应用程序的句柄
LPCTSTR lpIconName); //图标的ID字符串
——2.3系统提供的图标
hInstance为空,lpIconName为定义的系统图标
——2.4 自己绘制的图标
hInstance为图标所在应用程序的实例句柄
——2.5注意点
一个图标文件中,可以包含多种大小、颜色不同的图标,系统使用图标时,通过大小来匹配,如果未找到大小完全一致的,那么会使用大小最接近的图标格式替换。
打开其他程序的图标
新建一个win32工程,创建窗口;
文件——新建——文件(资源脚本)
窗口——全部关闭——改ID号(在资源名称上右键,属性)
在图标上方或右键添加大小(将有不同大小的图标)
绘制图标
wce.hIcon=LoadIcon(g_hInst,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_MAIN));//窗口的图标、IDI_MAIN是自定义的图标资源ID,
添加#include “resource.h” //图标资源ID被编译到此文件中
编译xxx.rc文件,生成resource.h文件——在项目名上点击右键——添加文件到工程——添加resource.h文件
3 光标资源
——3.1光标资源
、热点Hotspot——可以产生鼠标点击的位置
——3.2使用
HCURSOR LoadCursor(
HINSTANCE hInstance,//应用程序的实例句柄
LPCTSTR lpCursorName);//光标的ID
——3.3系统光标
hInstance为空,lpCursorName指定为系统的光标即可获得
wce.hCursor=LoadCursor( NULL,IDC_...);
——3.4自绘制的光标
hInstance不能为空
#include "resource.h"
BOOL OnSetCursor( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
//判断是否是位于客户区上
int nHitTest = LOWORD( lParam );
if( HTCLIENT != nHitTest )
{ //不在客户区,返回FALSE
//让DefWindowProc处理
return FALSE;
}
//获得窗口的客户区
RECT rcClient = { 0 };
GetClientRect( hWnd, &rcClient );
//获得当前光标的位置
POINT ptPos = { 0 };
GetCursorPos( &ptPos );
ScreenToClient( hWnd, &ptPos );
//根据位置加载光标
HCURSOR hCursor = NULL;
if( ptPos.x < rcClient.right/2 )
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_SIZEALL );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_CROSS );
}
}
else
{
if( ptPos.y < rcClient.bottom/2 )
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_WAIT );
}
else
{
hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_UPARROW );
}
}
// 设置光标
SetCursor( hCursor );
return TRUE;
}
wce.hCursor=LoadCursor( g_hInst,MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_CURSOR1) );
switch( nMsg )
{
case WM_SETCURSOR:
OnSetCursor( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
——3.5 WM_SETCURSOR消息
当鼠标在窗口内就会产生,可以在程序执行中修改鼠标的样式。
wParam-窗口句柄;
LOWORD(LParm)-所在位置的标识
HIWORD(lParam)-鼠标的消息ID
SetCursour 设置当前窗口的光标
4、字符串资源
——4.1包含字符串的资源
——4.2使用
int LoadString(
HINSTANCE hInstance,//程序句柄
UINT uID,//字符串资源ID
LPTSTR lpBuffer,//存放字符串的BUFF
int nBufferMax);//BUFF的大小
返回获取字符的长度
(在增加资源前点击window——close all)
资源视图中右键工程名——插入“String Table”
双击蓝色图中蓝色区域,出现下图,设置ID和名称(内容项)
HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
//加载字符串资源
**CHAR szText[260] = { 0 };
LoadString( g_hInst, **IDS_MAIN**, szText, 260 );**
//加载菜单
HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu( g_hInst,
MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MAIN) );
//创建窗口
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, **szText**,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, hMenu, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}
5、菜单资源
5.1添加菜单资源
资源视图右键工程名——插入菜单资源
5.2添加菜单资源
HMENU LoadMenu(
HINSTANCE hInstance,//应用程序句柄
LPCTSTR lpMenuName);//菜单ID字符串
返回加载成功的菜单的句柄
5.3命令处理
使用添加的菜单ID的宏,在WM_COMMAND消息中,处理菜单命令
HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName )
{
//加载字符串资源
CHAR szText[260] = { 0 };
LoadString( g_hInst, IDS_MAIN, szText, 260 );
**//加载菜单
HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu( g_hInst,
MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MAIN) );**
//创建窗口
HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0,
pszClassName, szText,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, hMenu, g_hInst,
NULL );
return hWnd;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd,
UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam,
LPARAM lParam )
{
switch( nMsg )
{
case WM_COMMAND:
OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam );
break;
......
void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam )
{
int nCmdID = LOWORD( wParam );
switch( nCmdID )
{
case ID_EXIT://ID_EXIT时在头文件中定义的宏
PostQuitMessage( 0 );
break;
case ID_ABOUT:
break;
}
}
6 加速键资源
6.1加速键的作用,如Ctrl+S存盘
6.2加速键资源添加
资源视图右键工程名——插入加速键
6.3加速键的使用
6.3.1加载
HACCEL LoadAccelerators(
HINSTANCE hInstance,//资源所在的应用程序句柄
LPCTSTR lpTableName);//加速键表的ID字符
加载成功返回加速键表的句柄
6.3.2增加消息处理
int TranslateAccelerator(
HWND hWnd,//处理加速键的窗口句柄
HACCEL hAccTable,//加速键表
LPMSG lpMsg);//MSG结构的地址
6.4关于加速键的消息
TranslateAccelerator将WM_KEYDOWN或者WM_SYSKEYDOWN消息,翻译成WM_COMMAND或者WM_SYSCOMMAND消息。
当收到KEYDOWN或者SYSKEYDOWN的消息时,会根据加速键表中按键和命令ID对应关系,找到相应命令ID,然后调用窗口处理函数,执行WM_COMMAND或者WM_SYSCOMMAND消息。
当找到对应的命令ID并执行后,TranslateAccelerate返回非零,那么就不在执行后续的处理,消息循环等候下一条消息。否则,继续让消息循环中的TranslateMessage和DispathMessage处理。
void Message( HWND hWnd )
{
//加载加速键表
HACCEL hAccel = LoadAccelerators(
g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_ACCEL) );
//消息循环
MSG msg = { 0 };
while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) )
{ // 增加加速键的消息处理
if( !TranslateAccelerator( hWnd, hAccel, &msg ) )
{ //字符消息处理
TranslateMessage( &msg );
//消息派发
DispatchMessage( &msg );
}
}
}
// WinCase.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include "resource.h"
#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100
// Global Variables:
HINSTANCE hInst; // current instance
TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING]; // The title bar text
TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];
int g_nX = 0;
int g_nY = 0; // The title bar text
// Foward declarations of functions included in this code module:
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
// TODO: Place code here.
MSG msg;
HACCEL hAccelTable;
// Initialize global strings
LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);
LoadString(hInstance, IDC_WINCASE, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);
MyRegisterClass(hInstance);
// Perform application initialization:
if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
{
return FALSE;
}
hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDC_WINCASE);
// Main message loop:
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))
{
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//
// FUNCTION: MyRegisterClass()
//
// PURPOSE: Registers the window class.
//
// COMMENTS:
//
// This function and its usage is only necessary if you want this code
// to be compatible with Win32 systems prior to the 'RegisterClassEx'
// function that was added to Windows 95. It is important to call this function
// so that the application will get 'well formed' small icons associated
// with it.
//
ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
{
WNDCLASSEX wcex;
wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wcex.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC)WndProc;
wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_WINCASE);
wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);
wcex.lpszMenuName = (LPCSTR)IDC_WINCASE;
wcex.lpszClassName = szWindowClass;
wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_SMALL);
return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);
}
//
// FUNCTION: InitInstance(HANDLE, int)
//
// PURPOSE: Saves instance handle and creates main window
//
// COMMENTS:
//
// In this function, we save the instance handle in a global variable and
// create and display the main program window.
//
BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
{
HWND hWnd;
hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable
hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
if (!hWnd)
{
return FALSE;
}
ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
return TRUE;
}
//
// FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, unsigned, WORD, LONG)
//
// PURPOSE: Processes messages for the main window.
//
// WM_COMMAND - process the application menu
// WM_PAINT - Paint the main window
// WM_DESTROY - post a quit message and return
//
//
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
int wmId, wmEvent;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
HDC hdc;
TCHAR szHello[MAX_LOADSTRING];
LoadString(hInst, IDS_HELLO, szHello, MAX_LOADSTRING);
switch (message)
{
case WM_COMMAND:
wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
// Parse the menu selections:
switch (wmId)
{
case ID_BEGIN:
SetTimer( hWnd, 1001, 1 * 1000, NULL );
break;
case ID_STOP:
KillTimer( hWnd, 1001 );
break;
case IDM_ABOUT:
DialogBox(hInst, (LPCTSTR)IDD_ABOUTBOX, hWnd, (DLGPROC)About);
break;
case IDM_EXIT:
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
break;
case WM_PAINT:
{
hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
CHAR szText[] = "Hello Ball";
TextOut( hdc, g_nX, g_nY, szText,
strlen(szText) );
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
case WM_TIMER:
g_nX += 5;
g_nY += 5;
InvalidateRect( hWnd, NULL, TRUE );
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
// Mesage handler for about box.
LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message)
{
case WM_INITDIALOG:
return TRUE;
case WM_COMMAND:
if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)
{
EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));
return TRUE;
}
break;
}
return FALSE;
}