【英语：基础高阶_经典外刊阅读】L5.解构阅读中段落—匹配类题目详解

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本文详细介绍了英语阅读中常见的两种题型——信息匹配和七选五的解题步骤与技巧。七选五题型主要出现在高考和四六级考试中，旨在考查学生对文章结构和逻辑意义的理解。解题时，首先要略读文章，了解大意；然后分析选项，结合内容串联主题；再研究空格前后，对比选项选择答案；最后再次快速阅读，核对答案。此外，文章还给出了实际案例分析和解题注意事项。

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1.信息匹配题型

阅读中的信息匹配类题目主要考查我们对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握. 在高考英语、四六级、雅思托福等主流考试中均有相关题目的考点, 但在不同类别的考试中出题的形式有一些差别, 整体的考查目标是一致的.

2.七选五题型

2.1.高考七选五题型

在高考英语阅读中信息匹配题以句子七选五的形式出现.

七选五阅读可分为正文和选项两个部分, 正文通常是250词左右的短文, 文中有5个句子被挖空, 正文后给出七个选项, 要求考生根据文章结构、内容, 选出正确的句子, 填入相应的空白处. 《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为"主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握. 备选项中, 个别选项间区分度不大, 干扰性强, 这就增加了题型的难度. 如果不小心误选一题, 就有可能造成连带效应, 出现几个错误. 总的来说, 七选五的题型难度要大于传统的阅读理解题, 对学生把握文章结构脉络、逻辑思维能力和语言综合运用能力, 有更高的要求.

分析历年高考真题可发现, 七选五题型考查体裁, 以说明文占比最高, 议论文次之, 而记叙文考查较少. 因为说明文和议论文问题结构比较清晰, 适合考查标题概括、主题句、过渡句等, 从而考查学生对行文结构、脉络层次的综合分析能力.

2020全国卷2
Emoji(表情符号) andWorkplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 36 . It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work. Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 37 , encouraging better and more frequent communication. In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 38 . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线).The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort. There is also the matter of tone(语气).Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 39 . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile. 40 , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome.And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.

A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D.The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform

2.2.七选五解题步骤

2.2.1. 略读文章抓大意

以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句, 以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分, 以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意. 事实上, 一般只需花5～10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可.

2.2.2. 分析选项, 结合速读内容串联主题.

在开始解题前, 了解文章的主题、大意, 会让解题的方向更明确. 如果文章有标题, 标题往往就点出了文章的主题. 如果文章没有给出标题, 就需要同学们快速分析出主题. 但是正文中空缺了五处, 结构和逻辑可能被打断. 而且阅读文章要耗费一定时间, 考场上需要争分夺秒, 故建议同学们直接从选项着手, 勾画选项关键词, 串联出文章主题. 关键词包括：名词、动词、形容词、数词、代词等. 因为七选五正文通常都是说明文, 选项中反复出现的高频词、词组, 通常就是文章的说明对象. 如果7个选项中没有同一高频词、词组出现, 就把各个选项的核心关键信息进行叠加, 也可以总结出文章的主题.

比如, 根据以下选项串联中文章主题方向：
A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.
B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.
C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.
D. However,some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs
E.The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.
G. Planning in business management has three main aspects

分析：
business, business management等信息反复出现, 一定和主题相关, 马上推出文章的主题就是：商业管理.

2.2.3. 研究空格前后, 对比选项, 选择答案.

了解了文章主题后, 马上开始解答题目. 此时需要回到文中, 重点阅读空格附近的句子, 圈定线索词, 再和选项进行比对, 锁定和线索相关的选项, 从而确定答案. 如果有题目拿不准, 不要把宝贵的时间耗在一道题上. 先放过此题, 继续往下, 把容易的题目做完, 再返回来攻克难题. 此时可用的备选项已经缩小范围, 选择起来难度自然小了很多.