libdevent(3)

信号signal事件：

见博客http://www.cnblogs.com/hustcat/archive/2010/08/31/1814022.html分析

socket pair
Libevent通过socketpair，将signal事件与I/O事件完美的统一起来。Socketpair，简单的说就一对socket，一端用于写，一端用于读。工作方式如下

为了与I/O事件统一起来，libevent内部使用了一个针对read socket的读事件。

Socketpair的创建
与信号事件的初始化工作都是在evsignal_init中完成的，而evsignal_init通过调用evutil_socketpair创建socketpair。对于Unix平台，有socketpair系统调用；对于Windows，则相对复杂一些，具体见evutil_socketpair函数的实现。

Socketpair used to send notifications from the signal handler

evsig_info结构体分析

struct evsig_info {
	/* Event watching ev_signal_pair[1] */
	struct event ev_signal;
	/* Socketpair used to send notifications from the signal handler */
	evutil_socket_t ev_signal_pair[2];
	/* True iff we've added the ev_signal event yet. */
	int ev_signal_added;
	/* Count of the number of signals we're currently watching. */
	int ev_n_signals_added;

	/* Array of previous signal handler objects before Libevent started
	 * messing with them.  Used to restore old signal handlers. */
#ifdef EVENT__HAVE_SIGACTION
	struct sigaction **sh_old;
#else
	ev_sighandler_t **sh_old;
#endif
	/* Size of sh_old. */
	int sh_old_max;
};

int
event_assign(struct event *ev, struct event_base *base, evutil_socket_t fd, short events, void (*callback)(evutil_socket_t, short, void *), void *arg)
{
	if (!base)
		base = current_base;
	if (arg == &event_self_cbarg_ptr_)
		arg = ev;

	event_debug_assert_not_added_(ev);

	ev->ev_base = base;

	ev->ev_callback = callback;
	ev->ev_arg = arg;
	ev->ev_fd = fd;
	ev->ev_events = events;
	ev->ev_res = 0;
	ev->ev_flags = EVLIST_INIT;
	ev->ev_ncalls = 0;
	ev->ev_pncalls = NULL;

	if (events & EV_SIGNAL) {
		if ((events & (EV_READ|EV_WRITE|EV_CLOSED)) != 0) {
			event_warnx("%s: EV_SIGNAL is not compatible with "
			    "EV_READ, EV_WRITE or EV_CLOSED", __func__);
			return -1;
		}
		ev->ev_closure = EV_CLOSURE_EVENT_SIGNAL;
	} else {
		if (events & EV_PERSIST) {
			evutil_timerclear(&ev->ev_io_timeout);
			ev->ev_closure = EV_CLOSURE_EVENT_PERSIST;
		} else {
			ev->ev_closure = EV_CLOSURE_EVENT;
		}
	}

	min_heap_elem_init_(ev);

	if (base != NULL) {
		/* by default, we put new events into the middle priority */
		ev->ev_pri = base->nactivequeues / 2;
	}

	event_debug_note_setup_(ev);

	return 0;
}

int
evsig_init_(struct event_base *base)
{
	/*
	 * Our signal handler is going to write to one end of the socket
	 * pair to wake up our event loop.  The event loop then scans for
	 * signals that got delivered.
	 */
	if (evutil_make_internal_pipe_(base->sig.ev_signal_pair) == -1) {
#ifdef _WIN32
		/* Make this nonfatal on win32, where sometimes people
		   have localhost firewalled. */
		event_sock_warn(-1, "%s: socketpair", __func__);
#else
		event_sock_err(1, -1, "%s: socketpair", __func__);
#endif
		return -1;
	}

	if (base->sig.sh_old) {
		mm_free(base->sig.sh_old);
	}
	base->sig.sh_old = NULL;
	base->sig.sh_old_max = 0;

	event_assign(&base->sig.ev_signal, base, base->sig.ev_signal_pair[0],
		EV_READ | EV_PERSIST, evsig_cb, base);

	base->sig.ev_signal.ev_flags |= EVLIST_INTERNAL;
	event_priority_set(&base->sig.ev_signal, 0);

	base->evsigsel = &evsigops;

	return 0;
}

evsig_add ：

当调用event_add注册信号事件时，内部会先调用I/O multiplex 的add函数。add函数又会调用evsig_add，将时间添加到evsig_info的内部信号事件中。然后在event_queue_insert将其添加到event_base的注册链表中

static int
evsig_add(struct event_base *base, evutil_socket_t evsignal, short old, short events, void *p)
{
	struct evsig_info *sig = &base->sig;
	(void)p;

	EVUTIL_ASSERT(evsignal >= 0 && evsignal < NSIG);

	/* catch signals if they happen quickly */
	EVSIGBASE_LOCK();
	if (evsig_base != base && evsig_base_n_signals_added) {
		event_warnx("Added a signal to event base %p with signals "
		    "already added to event_base %p.  Only one can have "
		    "signals at a time with the %s backend.  The base with "
		    "the most recently added signal or the most recent "
		    "event_base_loop() call gets preference; do "
		    "not rely on this behavior in future Libevent versions.",
		    base, evsig_base, base->evsel->name);
	}
	evsig_base = base;
	evsig_base_n_signals_added = ++sig->ev_n_signals_added;
	evsig_base_fd = base->sig.ev_signal_pair[1];
	EVSIGBASE_UNLOCK();
<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11.818181991577148px; line-height: 16.363636016845703px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">//</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11.818181991577148px; line-height: 16.363636016845703px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">注册信号处理函数evsig_handler<br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11.818181991577148px; line-height: 16.363636016845703px; color: rgb(0, 128, 128);">18</span><span style="font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11.818181991577148px; line-height: 16.363636016845703px; background-color: rgb(245, 245, 245);"> </span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11.818181991577148px; line-height: 16.363636016845703px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">        </span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11.818181991577148px; line-height: 16.363636016845703px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">//</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; font-family: 'Courier New'; font-size: 11.818181991577148px; line-height: 16.363636016845703px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);">向socket pair的写端写入一个字节的数据</span>
	event_debug(("%s: %d: changing signal handler", __func__, (int)evsignal));
	if (evsig_set_handler_(base, (int)evsignal, evsig_handler) == -1) {
		goto err;
	}


	if (!sig->ev_signal_added) {
		if (event_add_nolock_(&sig->ev_signal, NULL, 0))
			goto err;
		sig->ev_signal_added = 1;
	}

	return (0);

err:
	EVSIGBASE_LOCK();
	--evsig_base_n_signals_added;
	--sig->ev_n_signals_added;
	EVSIGBASE_UNLOCK();
	return (-1);
}

/* Helper: set the signal handler for evsignal to handler in base, so that
 * we can restore the original handler when we clear the current one. */
int
evsig_set_handler_(struct event_base *base,
    int evsignal, void (__cdecl *handler)(int))
{
#ifdef EVENT__HAVE_SIGACTION
	struct sigaction sa;
#else
	ev_sighandler_t sh;
#endif
	struct evsig_info *sig = &base->sig;
	void *p;

	/*
	 * resize saved signal handler array up to the highest signal number.
	 * a dynamic array is used to keep footprint on the low side.
	 */
	if (evsignal >= sig->sh_old_max) {
		int new_max = evsignal + 1;
		event_debug(("%s: evsignal (%d) >= sh_old_max (%d), resizing",
			    __func__, evsignal, sig->sh_old_max));
		p = mm_realloc(sig->sh_old, new_max * sizeof(*sig->sh_old));
		if (p == NULL) {
			event_warn("realloc");
			return (-1);
		}

		memset((char *)p + sig->sh_old_max * sizeof(*sig->sh_old),
		    0, (new_max - sig->sh_old_max) * sizeof(*sig->sh_old));

		sig->sh_old_max = new_max;
		sig->sh_old = p;
	}

	/* allocate space for previous handler out of dynamic array */
	sig->sh_old[evsignal] = mm_malloc(sizeof *sig->sh_old[evsignal]);
	if (sig->sh_old[evsignal] == NULL) {
		event_warn("malloc");
		return (-1);
	}

	/* save previous handler and setup new handler */
#ifdef EVENT__HAVE_SIGACTION
	memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
	sa.sa_handler = handler;
	sa.sa_flags |= SA_RESTART;
	sigfillset(&sa.sa_mask);

	if (sigaction(evsignal, &sa, sig->sh_old[evsignal]) == -1) {
		event_warn("sigaction");
		mm_free(sig->sh_old[evsignal]);
		sig->sh_old[evsignal] = NULL;
		return (-1);
	}
#else
	if ((sh = signal(evsignal, handler)) == SIG_ERR) {
		event_warn("signal");
		mm_free(sig->sh_old[evsignal]);
		sig->sh_old[evsignal] = NULL;
		return (-1);
	}
	*sig->sh_old[evsignal] = sh;
#endif

	return (0);
}

/* Implementation function to add an event.  Works just like event_add,
 * except: 1) it requires that we have the lock.  2) if tv_is_absolute is set,
 * we treat tv as an absolute time, not as an interval to add to the current
 * time */
int
event_add_nolock_(struct event *ev, const struct timeval *tv,
    int tv_is_absolute)
{
	struct event_base *base = ev->ev_base;
	int res = 0;
	int notify = 0;


	EVENT_BASE_ASSERT_LOCKED(base);
	event_debug_assert_is_setup_(ev);

	event_debug((
		 "event_add: event: %p (fd "EV_SOCK_FMT"), %s%s%s%scall %p",
		 ev,
		 EV_SOCK_ARG(ev->ev_fd),
		 ev->ev_events & EV_READ ? "EV_READ " : " ",
		 ev->ev_events & EV_WRITE ? "EV_WRITE " : " ",
		 ev->ev_events & EV_CLOSED ? "EV_CLOSED " : " ",
		 tv ? "EV_TIMEOUT " : " ",
		 ev->ev_callback));

	EVUTIL_ASSERT(!(ev->ev_flags & ~EVLIST_ALL));

	if (ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_FINALIZING) {
		/* XXXX debug */
		return (-1);
	}

	/*
	 * prepare for timeout insertion further below, if we get a
	 * failure on any step, we should not change any state.
	 */
	if (tv != NULL && !(ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_TIMEOUT)) {
		if (min_heap_reserve_(&base->timeheap,
			1 + min_heap_size_(&base->timeheap)) == -1)
			return (-1);  /* ENOMEM == errno */
	}

	/* If the main thread is currently executing a signal event's
	 * callback, and we are not the main thread, then we want to wait
	 * until the callback is done before we mess with the event, or else
	 * we can race on ev_ncalls and ev_pncalls below. */
#ifndef EVENT__DISABLE_THREAD_SUPPORT
	if (base->current_event == event_to_event_callback(ev) &&
	    (ev->ev_events & EV_SIGNAL)
	    && !EVBASE_IN_THREAD(base)) {
		++base->current_event_waiters;
		EVTHREAD_COND_WAIT(base->current_event_cond, base->th_base_lock);
	}
#endif

	if ((ev->ev_events & (EV_READ|EV_WRITE|EV_CLOSED|EV_SIGNAL)) &&
	    !(ev->ev_flags & (EVLIST_INSERTED|EVLIST_ACTIVE|EVLIST_ACTIVE_LATER))) {
		if (ev->ev_events & (EV_READ|EV_WRITE|EV_CLOSED))
			res = evmap_io_add_(base, ev->ev_fd, ev);
		else if (ev->ev_events & EV_SIGNAL)
			res = evmap_signal_add_(base, (int)ev->ev_fd, ev);
		if (res != -1)
			event_queue_insert_inserted(base, ev);
		if (res == 1) {
			/* evmap says we need to notify the main thread. */
			notify = 1;
			res = 0;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * we should change the timeout state only if the previous event
	 * addition succeeded.
	 */
	if (res != -1 && tv != NULL) {
		struct timeval now;
		int common_timeout;
#ifdef USE_REINSERT_TIMEOUT
		int was_common;
		int old_timeout_idx;
#endif

		/*
		 * for persistent timeout events, we remember the
		 * timeout value and re-add the event.
		 *
		 * If tv_is_absolute, this was already set.
		 */
		if (ev->ev_closure == EV_CLOSURE_EVENT_PERSIST && !tv_is_absolute)
			ev->ev_io_timeout = *tv;

#ifndef USE_REINSERT_TIMEOUT
		if (ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_TIMEOUT) {
			event_queue_remove_timeout(base, ev);
		}
#endif

		/* Check if it is active due to a timeout.  Rescheduling
		 * this timeout before the callback can be executed
		 * removes it from the active list. */
		if ((ev->ev_flags & EVLIST_ACTIVE) &&
		    (ev->ev_res & EV_TIMEOUT)) {
			if (ev->ev_events & EV_SIGNAL) {
				/* See if we are just active executing
				 * this event in a loop
				 */
				if (ev->ev_ncalls && ev->ev_pncalls) {
					/* Abort loop */
					*ev->ev_pncalls = 0;
				}
			}

			event_queue_remove_active(base, event_to_event_callback(ev));
		}

		gettime(base, &now);

		common_timeout = is_common_timeout(tv, base);
#ifdef USE_REINSERT_TIMEOUT
		was_common = is_common_timeout(&ev->ev_timeout, base);
		old_timeout_idx = COMMON_TIMEOUT_IDX(&ev->ev_timeout);
#endif

		if (tv_is_absolute) {
			ev->ev_timeout = *tv;
		} else if (common_timeout) {
			struct timeval tmp = *tv;
			tmp.tv_usec &= MICROSECONDS_MASK;
			evutil_timeradd(&now, &tmp, &ev->ev_timeout);
			ev->ev_timeout.tv_usec |=
			    (tv->tv_usec & ~MICROSECONDS_MASK);
		} else {
			evutil_timeradd(&now, tv, &ev->ev_timeout);
		}

		event_debug((
			 "event_add: event %p, timeout in %d seconds %d useconds, call %p",
			 ev, (int)tv->tv_sec, (int)tv->tv_usec, ev->ev_callback));

#ifdef USE_REINSERT_TIMEOUT
		event_queue_reinsert_timeout(base, ev, was_common, common_timeout, old_timeout_idx);
#else
		event_queue_insert_timeout(base, ev);
#endif

		if (common_timeout) {
			struct common_timeout_list *ctl =
			    get_common_timeout_list(base, &ev->ev_timeout);
			if (ev == TAILQ_FIRST(&ctl->events)) {
				common_timeout_schedule(ctl, &now, ev);
			}
		} else {
			struct event* top = NULL;
			/* See if the earliest timeout is now earlier than it
			 * was before: if so, we will need to tell the main
			 * thread to wake up earlier than it would otherwise.
			 * We double check the timeout of the top element to
			 * handle time distortions due to system suspension.
			 */
			if (min_heap_elt_is_top_(ev))
				notify = 1;
			else if ((top = min_heap_top_(&base->timeheap)) != NULL &&
					 evutil_timercmp(&top->ev_timeout, &now, <))
				notify = 1;
		}
	}

	/* if we are not in the right thread, we need to wake up the loop */
	if (res != -1 && notify && EVBASE_NEED_NOTIFY(base))
		evthread_notify_base(base);

	event_debug_note_add_(ev);

	return (res);
}

epoll_dispatch函数调用epoll_wait函数等待I/O发生。然后，如果有信号事件发生，则调用evsignal_process处理信号事件，evsignal_process的逻辑比较简单，它只是将事件从注册事件链表转移到就绪事件链表。

还记得evsig_handler函数吗？它是所有（外部）信号事件对应的信号的信号处理函数，将实际的信号发生时，OS会转而执行evsignal_handler函数，而它便向socket pair的写端写数据，而读端收到数据。而此时，libevent的内部socket pair读事件已经完成注册。libevent正阻塞在epoll_wait处，当socketp pair读端收到数据时，libevent便从epoll_wait处返回。总之，signal事件通过socket pair，与I/O事件实现完美的统一。

Libevent从epoll_wait返回后，它调用evsignal_process处理信号事件，然后调用event_active将I/O事件（包括内部的socket pair读事件）转移到就绪事件链表。

Socket pair的读事件回调函数

/* Callback for when the signal handler write a byte to our signaling socket */
static void
evsig_cb(evutil_socket_t fd, short what, void *arg)
{
	static char signals[1024];
	ev_ssize_t n;
	int i;
	int ncaught[NSIG];
	struct event_base *base;

	base = arg;

	memset(&ncaught, 0, sizeof(ncaught));

	while (1) {
#ifdef _WIN32
		n = recv(fd, signals, sizeof(signals), 0);
#else
		n = read(fd, signals, sizeof(signals));
#endif
		if (n == -1) {
			int err = evutil_socket_geterror(fd);
			if (! EVUTIL_ERR_RW_RETRIABLE(err))
				event_sock_err(1, fd, "%s: recv", __func__);
			break;
		} else if (n == 0) {
			/* XXX warn? */
			break;
		}
		for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
			ev_uint8_t sig = signals[i];
			if (sig < NSIG)
				ncaught[sig]++;
		}
	}

	EVBASE_ACQUIRE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);
	for (i = 0; i < NSIG; ++i) {
		if (ncaught[i])
			evmap_signal_active_(base, i, ncaught[i]);
	}
	EVBASE_RELEASE_LOCK(base, th_base_lock);
}