享元模式

《大话设计模式》阅读笔记和总结。原书是C#编写的，本人用Java实现了一遍，包括每种设计模式的UML图实现和示例代码实现。
目录：设计模式
Github地址：DesignPattern

说明

定义：享元模式（Flyweight），运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。

UML图：

代码实现：

Flyweight类，它是所有具体享元类的超类或接口，通过这个接口，Flyweight可以接受并作用于外部状态

abstract class Flyweight{
    public abstract void Operation(int extrinsicstate);
}

ConcreteFlyweight是继承Flyweight超类或实现Flyweight接口，并为内部状态增加存储空间

class ConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight{

    @Override
    public void Operation(int extrinsicstate) {
        System.out.println("具体Flyweight："+extrinsicstate);
    }
}

UnsharedConcreteFlyweight是指那些不需要共享的Flyweight子类，因为Flyweight接口共享成为可能，，但它并不强制共享

class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight{
    @Override
    public void Operation(int extrinsicstate) {
        System.out.println("不共享具体Flyweight："+extrinsicstate);
    }
}

FlyweightFactory，是一个享元工厂，用来创建并管理Flyweight对象。它主要是用来确保合理的共享Flyweight，当用户请求一个Flyweight时，FlyweightFactory对象提供一个已创建的实例或者创建一个（如果不存在的话）。

class FlyweightFactory{
    private Map<String,Object> flyweights = new HashMap<>();

    public FlyweightFactory(){
        flyweights.put("X",new ConcreteFlyweight());
        flyweights.put("Y",new ConcreteFlyweight());
        flyweights.put("Z",new ConcreteFlyweight());
    }

    public Flyweight getFlyweight(String key){
        return (Flyweight) flyweights.get(key);
    }
}

客户端代码

public class FlyweightPattern {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        int extrinsicstate = 22;
        FlyweightFactory f = new FlyweightFactory();

        Flyweight fx = f.getFlyweight("X");
        fx.Operation(--extrinsicstate);

        Flyweight fy = f.getFlyweight("Y");
        fy.Operation(--extrinsicstate);

        Flyweight fz = f.getFlyweight("Z");
        fz.Operation(--extrinsicstate);

        UnsharedConcreteFlyweight uf = new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight();
        uf.Operation(--extrinsicstate);
    }
}

运行结果

具体Flyweight：21
具体Flyweight：20
具体Flyweight：19
不共享具体Flyweight：18

示例

例子：网站分为很多种，有博客类的，有产品展示的。其实每种类型的网站在代码上来说有很大的相似之处，所以公司在做网站的时候往往相同类型的网站都使用一份源代码，这样维护起来十分简单和便捷。用程序模拟这个过程。

UML图：

代码实现：

用户类，用于网站的客户账号，是“网站的外部状态”

public class User {
    private String name;
    public User(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
}

网站抽象类

public abstract class WebSite {
    // “使用”方法需要传递“用户”对象
    public abstract void Use(User user);
}

具体网站类

public class ConcreteWebSite extends WebSite {
    private String name;
    public ConcreteWebSite(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    @Override
    public void Use(User user) {
        System.out.println("网站分类："+name+"----用户："+user.getName());
    }
}

网站工厂类

public class WebSiteFactory {
    private Map<String,Object> flyweights = new HashMap<>();

    // 获得网站分类
    public WebSite getWebSiteCategory(String key){
        if (!flyweights.containsKey(key)){
            flyweights.put(key,new ConcreteWebSite(key));
        }
        return (WebSite) flyweights.get(key);
    }

    public int getWebSiteCount(){
        return flyweights.size();
    }
}

客户端代码

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        WebSiteFactory f = new WebSiteFactory();

        WebSite fx = f.getWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
        fx.Use(new User("小菜"));

        WebSite fy = f.getWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
        fy.Use(new User("大鸟"));

        WebSite fz = f.getWebSiteCategory("产品展示");
        fz.Use(new User("娇娇"));

        WebSite fl = f.getWebSiteCategory("博客");
        fl.Use(new User("老顽童"));

        WebSite fm = f.getWebSiteCategory("博客");
        fm.Use(new User("桃谷六仙"));

        WebSite fn = f.getWebSiteCategory("博客");
        fn.Use(new User("南海鳄神"));

        System.out.println("得到网站分类总数为"+f.getWebSiteCount());
    }
}

运行结果

网站分类：产品展示----用户：小菜
网站分类：产品展示----用户：大鸟
网站分类：产品展示----用户：娇娇
网站分类：博客----用户：老顽童
网站分类：博客----用户：桃谷六仙
网站分类：博客----用户：南海鳄神
得到网站分类总数为2