C++中Lambda表达式

有关 Lambda

许多编程语言支持匿名函数的概念，这些函数有函数体，但是没有函数名。 lambda是与匿名函数相关的编程技术。 lambda 隐式定义函数对象类和构造函数对象。选件类类型。

示例 1:使用 Lambda

此示例使用在 for_each 嵌入函数调用打印到控件中的 lambda 在 vector 对象的每个元素是否均匀或更多的。

代码

C++

// even_lambda.cpp
// compile with: cl /EHsc /nologo /W4 /MTd
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
   // Create a vector object that contains 10 elements.
   vector<int> v;
   for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
      v.push_back(i);
   }

   // Count the number of even numbers in the vector by 
   // using the for_each function and a lambda.
   int evenCount = 0;
   for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), [&evenCount] (int n) {
      cout << n;

      if (n % 2 == 0) {
         cout << " is even " << endl;
         ++evenCount;
      } else {
         cout << " is odd " << endl;
      }
   });

   // Print the count of even numbers to the console.
   cout << "There are " << evenCount 
        << " even numbers in the vector." << endl;
}

Output

0 is even
1 is odd
2 is even
3 is odd
4 is even
5 is odd
6 is even
7 is odd
8 is even
9 is odd
There are 5 even numbers in the vector.

注释

在此示例中，for_each 函数的第三个参数是一个lambda。 [&evenCount] 部件来指定表达式中获取子句，(int n) 指定参数，因此，其余部分来指定表达式的主体。

示例 2:使用函数对象

有时 lambda 比前面大麻烦的以致无法扩展进一步。 下一个示例使用函数对象而不是 lambda，与 for_each 功能外，还生成结果和示例 1. 相同。 两个示例在 vector对象存储计数偶数。 若要维护操作的状态，FunctorClass 选件类存储 m_evenCount 变量引用作为成员变量。 若要执行操作，FunctorClass 实现函数调用运算符，operator()。 Visual C++ 编译器生成与示例 1. 中的 lambda 代码的大小是可比的和性能的代码。 对于基本的问题比函数对象模型 (如一个本文中，更简单的 lambda 模型可能好。 但是，因此，如果您认为功能可能在将来需要大量展开，然后使用函数对象模型，以便代码维护会更加容易。

有关 operator() 的更多信息，请参见函数调用(C++)。 有关 for_each 函数的更多信息,请参见 for_each。

代码

C++

// even_functor.cpp
// compile with: /EHsc
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

class FunctorClass
{
public:
    // The required constructor for this example.
    explicit FunctorClass(int& evenCount) 
        : m_evenCount(evenCount)
    {
    }

    // The function-call operator prints whether the number is
    // even or odd. If the number is even, this method updates
    // the counter.
    void operator()(int n) const
    {
        cout << n;

        if (n % 2 == 0) {
            cout << " is even " << endl;
            ++m_evenCount;
        } else {
            cout << " is odd " << endl;
        }
    }

private:
    // Default assignment operator to silence warning C4512.
    FunctorClass& operator=(const FunctorClass&);

    int& m_evenCount; // the number of even variables in the vector.
};


int main() 
{
    // Create a vector object that contains 10 elements.
    vector<int> v;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        v.push_back(i);
    }

    // Count the number of even numbers in the vector by 
    // using the for_each function and a function object.
    int evenCount = 0;
    for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), FunctorClass(evenCount));

    // Print the count of even numbers to the console.
    cout << "There are " << evenCount 
        << " even numbers in the vector." << endl;
}