openscad 模块编程与流程控制

openscad 的编程语言有点效仿c/c++, 前面讲到说可以使用变量来灵活控制模型的参数, 另外openscad也是支持 函数式的编程模式 和编程语言的 流程控制编程模式.

下面来领会一下这个openscad 的妙处!

module spoked_wheel(radius=12, width=5, thickness=5, number_of_spokes=7, spoke_radius=1.5) {
    rotate([90,0,0]) {
        // 圆环通过两个短圆柱求差得到
        inner_radius = radius - thickness/2;
        difference() {
            cylinder(h=width,r=radius,center=true);
            cylinder(h=width + 1,r=inner_radius,center=true);
        }
        
        // 轮轴通过圆柱的选择得到
        spoke_length = radius - thickness/4;  //获得轴的长度
        step = 360/number_of_spokes; //获得旋转的度数
        for (i=[0:step:359]) {
            angle = i;
            rotate([0,90,angle])
                cylinder(h=spoke_length,r=spoke_radius);
        }
    }
}
module body(base_height=10, top_height=14, base_length=60, top_length=30, width=20, top_offset=5) {
    // Car body base
    cube([base_length,width,base_height],center=true);
    // Car body top
    translate([top_offset,0,base_height/2+top_height/2 - 0.001])
        cube([top_length,width,top_height],center=true);
}

module axle(track=35, radius=2) {
    rotate([90,0,0])
        cylinder(h=track,r=2,center=true);
}

$fa = 1;
$fs = 0.4;
track = 35; 
body_roll = 0; 
wheels_turn = 0;
base_length = 100;
top_length = 75;
top_offset = 5;
front_axle_offset = 30;
rear_axle_1_offset = 10;
rear_axle_2_offset = 35;
wheel_radius = 12;

// Body
rotate([body_roll,0,0]) {
    body(base_length=base_length, top_length=top_length, top_offset=top_offset);
}
// Front left wheel 
translate([-front_axle_offset,-track/2,0])
    rotate([0,0,wheels_turn])
    spoked_wheel(wheel_radius=wheel_radius);
 // Front right wheel 
translate([-front_axle_offset,track/2,0])
    rotate([0,0,wheels_turn])
    spoked_wheel(wheel_radius=wheel_radius);
// Rear left wheel 1
translate([rear_axle_1_offset,-track/2,0])
    rotate([0,0,0])
    spoked_wheel(wheel_radius=wheel_radius);
// Rear right wheel 1
translate([rear_axle_1_offset,track/2,0])
    rotate([0,0,0])
    spoked_wheel(wheel_radius=wheel_radius);
// Rear left wheel 2
translate([rear_axle_2_offset,-track/2,0])
    rotate([0,0,0])
    spoked_wheel(wheel_radius=wheel_radius);
// Rear right wheel 2
translate([rear_axle_2_offset,track/2,0])
    rotate([0,0,0])
    spoked_wheel(wheel_radius=wheel_radius);
// Front axle 
translate([-front_axle_offset,0,0])
    axle(); 
// Rear axle 1
translate([rear_axle_1_offset,0,0])
    axle();
// Rear axle 2
translate([rear_axle_2_offset,0,0])
    axle();

我们也可以通过for循环来实现花样放车,比如下图为官方的例子实现效果,大家可以自己试试:
提示, 部分代码如下:

for (j=[0:1:2]) {
    r = 140 + j*70;
    n = 12 + 2*j;
    step = 360/n;
    for (angle=[0:step:359]) {
        dx = r*cos(angle);
        dy = r*sin(angle);
        translate([dx,dy,0])
            rotate(angle)
            car();
    }
}

另外 openscad 还提供 if 或者 bool?a:b 来做 流程控制.

module body(base_height=10, top_height=14, base_length=60, top_length=30, width=20, top_offset=5, top, front_bumper, rear_bumper) {
    // Car body base 
    cube([base_length,width,base_height],center=true); 
    // Car body top
    if (top) {
        translate([top_offset,0,base_height/2+top_height/2])
        cube([top_length,width,top_height],center=true);
    }
    // Front bumper
    if (front_bumper) {
        color("blue") {
            translate([-base_length/2,0,0])rotate([90,0,0]) {
                cylinder(h=width - base_height,r=base_height/2,center=true);
                translate([0,0,(width - base_height)/2])
                    sphere(r=base_height/2);
                translate([0,0,-(width - base_height)/2])
                    sphere(r=base_height/2);
            }
        }
    }
    // Rear bumper
    if (rear_bumper) {
        color("blue") {
            translate([base_length/2,0,0])rotate([90,0,0]) {
                cylinder(h=width - base_height,r=base_height/2,center=true);
                translate([0,0,(width - base_height)/2])
                    sphere(r=base_height/2);
                translate([0,0,-(width - base_height)/2])
                    sphere(r=base_height/2);
            }
        }
    }
}
$fa = 1;
$fs = 0.4;
body(top=false,front_bumper=true,rear_bumper=true);

是不是感觉晕晕的,官网提供的例子到这里,但是就算是晕晕的,你也跟着官网已经做出了一个非常漂亮的小车模型.蛮有成就感的吧,

如果代码不懂,可以留言,建议仔细看看代码,代码熟悉了,以后建模就更加方便.

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参考

• 官网第4 - 7章