手写 string 类

// 头文件
#ifndef MYSTRING_H
#define MYSTRING_H
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

class myString
{
    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & out, myString &) ;
    friend istream & operator>>(istream & in, myString &) ;


    public:
        myString();  // 默认构造
        virtual ~myString();


        myString(const char *); // 由字符串构造
        myString(const myString &); // 拷贝构造函数

        myString & operator=(const myString &);   // 拷贝赋值运算符
        myString & operator=(const char *);   // 由字符串构造


        myString(myString &&) noexcept;  // 移动构造函数
        myString & operator=(myString &&) noexcept;  // 移动赋值运算符



        int getLength() const;
        int getCapacity() const;
        const char * getStr() const;  // 获取 C 字符串


        char & operator[](int);  // 获取 第 i 位字符
        bool operator==(const myString& str); // 判断两个字符串是否相等

        void append(char c);  // 追加一个字符
        void append(const char * s); // 追加一个字符串

        myString  operator+(const char * s);  // 拼接字符串
        myString  operator+(const myString & s2);  // 拼接字符串
        myString & operator+=(const char * s); // 追加字符串
        myString & operator+=(const myString & s); // 追加字符串

    protected:

    private:
        char * str;
        int length;
        int capacity;
};

#endif // MYSTRING_H
#include "MyString.h"

myString::myString()
{
    this->length = 0;
    this->capacity = 15;
    this->str = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * this->capacity);// 默认分配一个长度为15的字符数组,初始化为空串
    this->str[0] = '\0';
}


myString::~myString()
{
    //dtor
    if(this->str != nullptr) {
        free(this->str);
    }
}

myString::myString(const char * s)
{
    if(s != nullptr) {
        int sz = strlen(s);
        this->length = sz;
        this->capacity = sz+1;
        this->str = (char * ) malloc(sizeof(char) * this->capacity);  // 按字符串大小复制
        strcpy(this->str,s);
    } else {
        this->length = 0;
        this->capacity = 15;
        this->str = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * this->capacity);// 默认分配一个长度为15的字符数组,初始化为空串
        this->str[0] = '\0';
    }
}

myString::myString(const myString & s)
{
    this->length = s.getLength();
    this->capacity = s.getCapacity();
    this->str = (char * ) malloc(sizeof(char) * this->capacity);  // 按字符串大小复制
    strcpy(this->str,s.getStr());

}

// 移动构造函数
myString::myString(myString && s) noexcept {
    this->length = s.length;
    this->capacity = s.capacity;
    this->str = s.str;

    s.length = 0;
    s.capacity = 0;
    s.str = nullptr;

}

myString & myString::operator=(myString && s) noexcept {
    if(this != & s) {   // 是否自赋值
        free(this->str);
        this->length = s.length;
        this->capacity = s.capacity;
        this->str = s.str;
        s.length = 0;
        s.capacity = 0;
        s.str = nullptr;
    }

    return *this;
}


myString & myString::operator=(const myString & s) {  // 拷贝赋值运算符
    if(this != &s) {  // 检查自赋值
        int sz = s.getLength();
        if(sz < this->capacity) { // 如果原字符串容量够,那么直接拷贝
            this->length = sz;
            strcpy(this->str,s.getStr());
        } else { // 容量不够,释放掉原有内存,重新申请
            free(this->str);  // 释放掉原有的字符串
            this->length = s.getLength();
            this->capacity = s.getCapacity();
            this->str = (char * ) malloc(sizeof(char) * this->capacity);  // 按字符串大小复制
            strcpy(this->str,s.getStr());
        }
    }
    return *this;
}


myString & myString::operator=(const char * s) {  // 字符串构造
    if(s != nullptr) {
        int sz = strlen(s);
        if(sz < this->capacity) {  // 如果原字符串容量够,那么直接拷贝
            this->length = sz;
            strcpy(this->str,s);
        } else {  // 容量不够,释放掉原有内存,重新申请
            free(this->str);
            this->length = sz;
            this->capacity = sz+1;
            this->str = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * this->capacity);
            strcpy(this->str,s);
        }

    } else {
        this->length = 0;
        this->capacity = 15;
        this->str = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * this->capacity);// 默认分配一个长度为15的字符数组,初始化为空串
        this->str[0] = '\0';
    }
    return *this;
}


int myString::getLength() const
{
    return this->length;
}

int myString::getCapacity() const
{
    return this->capacity;
}

const char * myString::getStr() const  // 不允许修改 str
{
    return this->str;
}



char & myString::operator[](int i)
{
    if(i < 0 || i > this->length) {
        cout << "index out of range!" << endl;
        return this->str[this->length];     // 返回最后一个字符,也就是'\0'
    }
    return this->str[i];
}

bool myString::operator==(const myString & s)
{
    if(this->length != s.getLength()) return false;
    return strcmp(this->str,s.getStr()) == 0;
}

void myString::append(char c)
{
    int sz = 1 + this->length;
    if(sz  >= this->capacity) {  // 追加后字符大于字符数组长度
        while(this->capacity <= (sizeof(char) * sz)) this->capacity = (this->capacity + this->capacity >> 1);   // 容量变为1.5,直到大于拼接字符串的长度
        char * newStr = (char *)malloc(this->capacity);
        strcpy(newStr,this->str);
        newStr[sz] = c;
        newStr[sz+1] = '\0';
        free(this->str);
        this->str = newStr;
        this->length = sz;
    } else {
        this->str[sz] = c;
        this->str[sz+1] = '\0';
        this->length = sz;
    }

}

void myString::append(const char * s)
{
    int sz = strlen(s) + this->length;
    if(sz  >= this->capacity) {  // 追加后字符串大于字符数组长度
        while(this->capacity <= (sizeof(char) * sz)) this->capacity = (this->capacity + this->capacity / 2);   // 容量变为1.5,直到大于拼接字符串的长度
        char * newStr = (char *)malloc(this->capacity);
        strcpy(newStr,this->str);
        newStr = strcat(newStr,s);
        free(this->str);
        this->str = newStr;
        this->length = sz;
    } else {
        this->str = strcat(this->str, s);
        this->length = sz;
    }

}

myString myString::operator+(const char * s)  // 拼接字符串
{
    myString res(this->str);
    res += s;
    return res;
}

myString myString::operator+(const myString & s)  // 拼接字符串
{
    this->append(s.getStr());
    return *this;
}

myString & myString::operator+=(const char * s) // 追加字符串
{
    this->append(s);
    return *this;
}

myString & myString::operator+=(const myString & s) // 追加字符串
{
    this->append(s.getStr());
    return *this;
}

ostream & operator<<(ostream & out, myString & myStr)
{
    out << (myStr.str) ;
    return out;
}

istream & operator>>(istream & in, myString & myStr)
{
    in >> myStr.str;
    return in;
}
#include <iostream>
#include "myString.h"
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    myString str1("hello world!");
    cout << str1.getLength() << endl;
    cout << str1.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << str1 << endl;
    str1.append(" I am Chinese!");
    cout << str1.getLength() << endl;
    cout << str1.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << str1 << endl;
    str1.append(" 2021!");
    cout << str1.getLength() << endl;
    cout << str1.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << str1 << endl;

    myString str2;
    str2 += "I am a dog.";
    cout << str2.getLength() << endl;
    cout << str2.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << str2 << endl;

    cout << (str1 == str2) << endl;

    myString str3(str2);
    str3 += str1;
    cout << str3.getLength() << endl;
    cout << str3.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << str3 << endl;

    myString str4 = str2 + str3;
    cout << str4.getLength() << endl;
    cout << str4.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << str4 << endl;

    myString str5 = str2 + " 2021 next travel!";

    cout << str5.getLength() << endl;
    cout << str5.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << str5 << endl;


    str5[10] = 'a';
    str5[8] = 'h';
    str5[16] = 'l';
    cout << str5.getLength() << endl;
    cout << str5.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << str5 << endl;

    cout << endl;
    str5 = std::move(str5);
    cout << str5.getLength() << endl;
    cout << str5.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << str5 << endl;

    cout << endl;
    myString str6 = std::move(str5);
    cout << str5.getLength() << endl;
    cout << str5.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << str5 << endl;

    cout << str6.getLength() << endl;
    cout << str6.getCapacity() << endl;
    cout << str6 << endl;


    return 0;
}

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