【C#与.net】4.0 泛型集合List、Dictionary

1.0 为什么使用集合

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2.0 泛型集合List

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创建一个控制台程序。

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Student.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace DemoList
{
    class Student
    {

        public Student() { }
        public Student(int StudentNo, string StudentName,int Age) {
            this.StudentNo = StudentNo;
            this.StudentName = StudentName;
            this.Age = Age;
        }
        public int StudentNo { get; set; }
        public string StudentName { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }

    }
}

Program.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace DemoList
{
    class Program
    {
        public class Teacher
        {
            private string name;
            private int age;
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public int Age { get; set; }
        }
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //实例化List<T>集合对象
            List<Student> list = new List<Student>();
            //添加对象元素
            Student objStu1 = new Student() { Age = 20, StudentNo = 1001, StudentName = "小张" };
            Student objStu2 = new Student() { Age = 22, StudentNo = 1003, StudentName = "小李" };
            Student objStu3 = new Student() { Age = 22, StudentNo = 1002, StudentName = "小王" };
            list.Add(objStu1);
            list.Add(objStu2);
            list.Add(objStu3);
            //Teacher objTeacher = new Teacher() { Name = "王老师", Age = 28 };
            //list.Add(objTeacher);
            //遍历元素,取出元素时不需要强制转换
            for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("姓名：{0}  年龄：{1}  学号：{2}", list[i].StudentName, list[i].Age, list[i].StudentNo);
            }

            Console.WriteLine("******************************************************************");
            //集合初始化器：使用基本数据类型元素
            List<string> nameList = new List<string>()
                {
                     "小张","小李","小秦"
                };
            //集合初始化器和对象初始化器共同使用
            List<Student> stuList = new List<Student>()
                {
                     new Student() { Age = 20, StudentNo = 1001, StudentName = "小张" },
                     new Student() { Age = 22, StudentNo = 1003, StudentName = "小李" },
                     new Student() { Age = 22, StudentNo = 1002, StudentName = "小王" }
                };

            foreach (string item in nameList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            foreach (Student stu in stuList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("姓名：{0}  年龄：{1}  学号：{2}", stu.StudentName, stu.Age, stu.StudentNo);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

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3.0 泛型集合Dictionary<K,V>

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//实例化集合对象
            Dictionary<string, Student> stus = new Dictionary<string, Student>();
            //添加对象元素
            Student stu1 = new Student() { Age = 20, StudentNo = 1002, StudentName = "小张" };
            Student stu2 = new Student() { Age = 22, StudentNo = 1003, StudentName = "小李" };
            Student stu3 = new Student() { Age = 22, StudentNo = 1002, StudentName = "小王" };
            stus.Add("小张", objStu1);
            stus.Add("小李", objStu2);
            Console.WriteLine("小李的年龄：{0}", stus["小李"].Age);//通过key查找value
            stus.Add("小王", objStu3);
            Console.WriteLine("小李的年龄：{0}", stus["小李"].Age);
            //遍历key
            foreach (string item in stus.Keys)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            //遍历values
            foreach (Student stu in stus.Values)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("姓名：{0}  年龄：{1}  学号：{2}", stu.StudentName, stu.Age, stu.StudentNo);
            }

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4.0 集合对象的排序

//集合初始化器：使用基本数据类型元素
            List<string> names = new List<string>()
                {
                     "小张","小李","小秦","小东","小唐","小白"
                };
            Console.WriteLine("-------------字符串默认排序--------------");
            foreach (string item in names)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            names.Sort();//使用Sort()方法对集合中元素排序(默认升序)
            Console.WriteLine("-------------字符串排序后--------------");
            foreach (string item in names)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            names.Reverse();//集合元素反转
            Console.WriteLine("-------------元素反转后--------------");
            foreach (string item in names)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }

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如果是值类型排序，效果如下：

//集合初始化器：使用基本数据类型元素
            List<int> ageList = new List<int>()
                {
                    20,27,21,26,28,30
                };
            Console.WriteLine("-------------整数元素默认排序--------------");
            foreach (int item in ageList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            ageList.Sort();//使用Sort()方法对集合中元素排序(默认升序)
            Console.WriteLine("-------------整数元素排序后--------------");
            foreach (int item in ageList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            ageList.Reverse();//集合元素反转
            Console.WriteLine("-------------元素反转后--------------");
            foreach (int item in ageList)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }

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对象的排序，不能直接排序对象本身。如下代码会报错：

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这时候，我们可以修改一下Student.cs

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace DemoList
{
    class Student:IComparable<Student>
    {

        public Student() { }
        public Student(int StudentNo, string StudentName,int Age) {
            this.StudentNo = StudentNo;
            this.StudentName = StudentName;
            this.Age = Age;
        }
        public int StudentNo { get; set; }
        public string StudentName { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
       
        
        /// <summary>
        /// 接口的实现方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="other"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public int CompareTo(Student other)
        {
            //升序
            return other.StudentNo.CompareTo(this.StudentNo);
        }
    }
}

这时在主方法中实现代码,可看到排序效果：

//实例化List<T>集合对象
            List<Student> lists = new List<Student>();
            //添加对象元素
            Student stu01 = new Student() { Age = 20, StudentNo = 1001, StudentName = "小张" };
            Student stu02 = new Student() { Age = 22, StudentNo = 1003, StudentName = "小李" };
            Student stu03 = new Student() { Age = 22, StudentNo = 1002, StudentName = "小王" };
            lists.Add(stu01);
            lists.Add(stu02);
            lists.Add(stu03);
            lists.Sort();//将对象元素排序       
            for (int i = 0; i < lists.Count; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("姓名：{0}  年龄：{1}  学号：{2}", lists[i].StudentName, lists[i].Age, lists[i].StudentNo);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();

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到这里，排序方案是在实体类方法中写死的。那么如何灵活处理排序方案呢？
在Student.cs中新增4个排序类：

namespace DemoList
{
    class Student:IComparable<Student>
    {
        ……
    }

    //年龄升序排列
    class AgeASC : IComparer<Student>
    {
        public int Compare(Student x, Student y)
        {
            //return x.Age - y.Age;
            return x.Age.CompareTo(x.Age);
        }
    }
    //年龄降序排列
    class AgeDESC : IComparer<Student>
    {
        public int Compare(Student x, Student y)
        {
            //return y.Age - x.Age;
            return y.Age.CompareTo(x.Age);
        }
    }
    //姓名升序排列
    class NameASC : IComparer<Student>
    {
        public int Compare(Student x, Student y)
        {
            return x.StudentName.CompareTo(y.StudentName);
        }
    }
    //姓名降序排列
    class NameDESC : IComparer<Student>
    {
        public int Compare(Student x, Student y)
        {
            return y.StudentName.CompareTo(x.StudentName);
        }
    }
}

主函数测试代码：

//实例化List<T>集合对象
            List<Student> list = new List<Student>();
            //添加对象元素
            Student stu01 = new Student() { Age = 20, StudentNo = 1001, StudentName = "小张" };
            Student stu02 = new Student() { Age = 22, StudentNo = 1003, StudentName = "小李" };
            Student stu03 = new Student() { Age = 22, StudentNo = 1002, StudentName = "小王" };
            list.Add(stu01);
            list.Add(stu02);
            list.Add(stu03);
            //默认排序
            Console.WriteLine("------------默认排序------------");
            for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("姓名：{0}  年龄：{1}  学号：{2}", list[i].StudentName, list[i].Age, list[i].StudentNo);
            }
            //年龄降序排序
            Console.WriteLine("------------年龄降序排序------------");
            list.Sort(new AgeDESC());
            for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("姓名：{0}  年龄：{1}  学号：{2}", list[i].StudentName, list[i].Age, list[i].StudentNo);
            }
            //姓名升排序
            Console.WriteLine("------------姓名升序排序------------");
            list.Sort(new NameASC());
            for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("姓名：{0}  年龄：{1}  学号：{2}", list[i].StudentName, list[i].Age, list[i].StudentNo);
            }

运行：

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选中Sort方法按F1键：

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List集合Sort方法的重点总结如下：

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END