Python爬虫包 BeautifulSoup 学习（三） 实例

一步一步构建一个爬虫实例，抓取糗事百科的段子

先不用beautifulsoup包来进行解析

第一步，访问网址并抓取源码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author: HaonanWu
# @Date:   2016-12-22 16:16:08
# @Last Modified by:   HaonanWu
# @Last Modified time: 2016-12-22 20:17:13

import urllib
import urllib2
import re
import os

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 访问网址并抓取源码
    url = 'http://www.qiushibaike.com/textnew/page/1/?s=4941357'
    user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36'
    headers = {'User-Agent':user_agent}
    try:
        request = urllib2.Request(url = url, headers = headers)
        response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
        content = response.read()
    except urllib2.HTTPError as e:
        print e
        exit()
    except urllib2.URLError as e:
        print e
        exit()
    print content.decode('utf-8')

第二步，利用正则表达式提取信息
首先先观察源码中，你需要的内容的位置以及如何识别
然后用正则表达式去识别读取
注意正则表达式中的 . 是不能匹配\n的，所以需要设置一下匹配模式。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author: HaonanWu
# @Date:   2016-12-22 16:16:08
# @Last Modified by:   HaonanWu
# @Last Modified time: 2016-12-22 20:17:13

import urllib
import urllib2
import re
import os

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 访问网址并抓取源码
    url = 'http://www.qiushibaike.com/textnew/page/1/?s=4941357'
    user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36'
    headers = {'User-Agent':user_agent}
    try:
        request = urllib2.Request(url = url, headers = headers)
        response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
        content = response.read()
    except urllib2.HTTPError as e:
        print e
        exit()
    except urllib2.URLError as e:
        print e
        exit()

    regex = re.compile('<div class="content">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>.*?</div>', re.S)
    items = re.findall(regex, content)

    # 提取数据
    # 注意换行符，设置 . 能够匹配换行符
    for item in items:
        print item

第三步，修正数据并保存到文件中

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author: HaonanWu
# @Date:   2016-12-22 16:16:08
# @Last Modified by:   HaonanWu
# @Last Modified time: 2016-12-22 21:41:32

import urllib
import urllib2
import re
import os

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 访问网址并抓取源码
    url = 'http://www.qiushibaike.com/textnew/page/1/?s=4941357'
    user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36'
    headers = {'User-Agent':user_agent}
    try:
        request = urllib2.Request(url = url, headers = headers)
        response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
        content = response.read()
    except urllib2.HTTPError as e:
        print e
        exit()
    except urllib2.URLError as e:
        print e
        exit()

    regex = re.compile('<div class="content">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>.*?</div>', re.S)
    items = re.findall(regex, content)

    # 提取数据
    # 注意换行符，设置 . 能够匹配换行符
    path = './qiubai'
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        os.makedirs(path)
    count = 1
    for item in items:
        #整理数据，去掉\n,将<br/>换成\n
        item = item.replace('\n', '').replace('<br/>', '\n')
        filepath = path + '/' + str(count) + '.txt'
        f = open(filepath, 'w')
        f.write(item)
        f.close()
        count += 1

第四步，将多个页面下的内容都抓取下来

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author: HaonanWu
# @Date:   2016-12-22 16:16:08
# @Last Modified by:   HaonanWu
# @Last Modified time: 2016-12-22 20:17:13

import urllib
import urllib2
import re
import os

if __name__ == '__main__':
    # 访问网址并抓取源码
    path = './qiubai'
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        os.makedirs(path)
    user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36'
    headers = {'User-Agent':user_agent}
    regex = re.compile('<div class="content">.*?<span>(.*?)</span>.*?</div>', re.S)
    count = 1
    for cnt in range(1, 35):
        print '第' + str(cnt) + '轮'
        url = 'http://www.qiushibaike.com/textnew/page/' + str(cnt) + '/?s=4941357'
        try:
            request = urllib2.Request(url = url, headers = headers)
            response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
            content = response.read()
        except urllib2.HTTPError as e:
            print e
            exit()
        except urllib2.URLError as e:
            print e
            exit()
        # print content

        # 提取数据
        # 注意换行符，设置 . 能够匹配换行符
        items = re.findall(regex, content)

        # 保存信息
        for item in items:
            #   print item
            #整理数据，去掉\n,将<br/>换成\n
            item = item.replace('\n', '').replace('<br/>', '\n')
            filepath = path + '/' + str(count) + '.txt'
            f = open(filepath, 'w')
            f.write(item)
            f.close()
            count += 1

    print '完成'

使用BeautifulSoup对源码进行解析

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author: HaonanWu
# @Date:   2016-12-22 16:16:08
# @Last Modified by:   HaonanWu
# @Last Modified time: 2016-12-22 21:34:02

import urllib
import urllib2
import re
import os
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

if __name__ == '__main__':
    url = 'http://www.qiushibaike.com/textnew/page/1/?s=4941357'
    user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36'
    headers = {'User-Agent':user_agent}
    request = urllib2.Request(url = url, headers = headers)
    response = urllib2.urlopen(request)
    # print response.read()
    soup_packetpage = BeautifulSoup(response, 'lxml')
    items = soup_packetpage.find_all("div", class_="content")

    for item in items:
        try:
            content = item.span.string
        except AttributeError as e:
            print e
            exit()

        if content:
            print content + "\n"

这是用BeautifulSoup去抓取书本以及其价格的代码
可以通过对比得出到bs4对标签的读取以及标签内容的读取
（因为我自己也没有学到这一部分，目前只能依葫芦画瓢地写）

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Author: HaonanWu
# @Date:   2016-12-22 20:37:38
# @Last Modified by:   HaonanWu
# @Last Modified time: 2016-12-22 21:27:30
import urllib2
import urllib
import re  

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  


url = "https://www.packtpub.com/all"
try:
    html = urllib2.urlopen(url)  
except urllib2.HTTPError as e:
    print e
    exit()

soup_packtpage = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')  
all_book_title = soup_packtpage.find_all("div", class_="book-block-title")  

price_regexp = re.compile(u"\s+\$\s\d+\.\d+")  

for book_title in all_book_title:  
    try:
        print "Book's name is " + book_title.string.strip()
    except AttributeError as e:
        print e
        exit()
    book_price = book_title.find_next(text=price_regexp)  
    try:
        print "Book's price is "+ book_price.strip()
    except AttributeError as e:
        print e
        exit()
    print ""