383. Ransom Note

Given an arbitrary ransom note string and another string containing letters from all the magazines, write a function that will return true if the ransom note can be constructed from the magazines ; otherwise, it will return false.

Each letter in the magazine string can only be used once in your ransom note.

Note:

You may assume that both strings contain only lowercase letters.

canConstruct("a", "b") -> false
canConstruct("aa", "ab") -> false
canConstruct("aa", "aab") -> true

思路：

第一个想到的是将magazine的字母存入堆中，每次将note中的字母取出来找到magazine然后删除，找不到时返回false

但这样每次都会遍历一遍堆，所以采用牺牲空间，直接用map的方法，magazine映射到的单元加一，note的减一，这样时间效率变高

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> findAnagrams(string s, string p) {
        vector<int> pv(256,0), sv(256,0), res;
        if(s.size() < p.size())
           return res;
        for(int i = 0; i < p.size(); ++i)
        {
            ++pv[p[i]];
            ++sv[s[i]];
        }
        if(pv == sv)
           res.push_back(0);
        for(int i = p.size(); i < s.size(); ++i)
        {
            ++sv[s[i]];
            --sv[s[i-p.size()]];
            if(pv == sv)
               res.push_back(i-p.size()+1);
        }
        return res;
    }
};