一:通过rand/srand函数产生
1. 代码用例
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <windows.h>
int main() {
printf("randome num1 = %d\n", rand());
printf("randome num2 = %d\n", rand());
printf("RAND_MAX = %d\n", RAND_MAX);//RAND_MAX = 0x7FFF
srand(time(NULL));//设置rand()产生随机数时的随机数种子
printf("randome num3 = %d\n", rand());
Sleep(2000);
srand(time(NULL));
printf("randome num4 = %d\n", rand());
srand(time(NULL));
printf("randome num5 = %d\n", rand());
//产生区间[0,10]之间的数
printf("randome num6 = %d\n", (int)(10.0 * (rand()/(double)RAND_MAX)));
//产生区间[0,10)之间的数
printf("randome num7 = %d\n", (int)(10.0 * (rand()/(RAND_MAX + 1.0))));
return 0;
}
Output
- 运行环境:x64 win7 Sublime Text3
randome num1 = 41
randome num2 = 18467:据说默认rand()函数的随机数种子是1,此时num1和num2应该相等。当前环境下并非如此。PS:Linux环境下两次调用rand()返回值也不相同。
RAND_MAX = 32767
randome num3 = 17326
randome num4 = 17333
randome num5 = 17333
randome num6 = 3
randome num7 = 2
二:通过random/urandom文件产生
1. /dev/random与/dev/urandom
- 阻塞:/dev/random的random pool依赖于系统中断,在系统的中断数不足时,/dev/random设备会一直封锁,尝试读取的进程就会进入等待状态,直到系统的中断数充分够用。即读取/dev/random文件可能会出现阻塞。/dev/urandom不依赖系统的中断,不会出现阻塞。
- 随机性:/dev/random设备产生数据的随机性高于/dev/urandom设备产生数据的随机性。
2. 使用/dev/urandom产生随机数
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <time.h>
int random_number(void) {
int random_fd;
int random_value;
int read_size;
random_fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
if (random_fd == -1) {
srand(time(NULL));
return rand();
}
read_size = read(random_fd, (char *)&random_value, sizeof(random_value));
close(random_fd);
if (read_size <= 0) {
srand(time(NULL));
return rand();
}
return random_value;
}
int main() {
printf("random_num = %d\n", random_number());
return 0;
}
Output
运行环境:x64 win7 Sublime Text3
random_num = 24615
运行环境:Ubuntu 4.8.4
random_num = -1355184582