【OpenCV】Hough检测

Hough直线检测

  使用 HoughLines()和HoughLinesP() 检测图像中的直线。

void cv::HoughLines (   InputArray  image,  OutputArray     lines,
                        double  rho,        double  theta,
                        int     threshold,  double  srn = 0,
                        double  stn = 0,    double  min_theta = 0,
                        double  max_theta = CV_PI 
)   

void cv::HoughLinesP(   InputArray  image,  OutputArray     lines,
                        double  rho,        double  theta,
                        int     threshold,  double  minLineLength = 0,
                        double  maxLineGap = 0 
)   

说明：image是输入的8位单通道二进制图像，lines是线的输出向量，
     rho是累加器的距离分辨率，theta是累加器角度分辨率弧度，threshold是阈值。

  在Hough变换中，我们使用极坐标而非笛卡尔坐标。

  原理参考：https://docs.opencv.org/master/d9/db0/tutorial_hough_lines.html

---

代码示例

#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    Mat src, dst, cdst, cdstP;
    char* filename = "../data/sudoku.png";
    src = imread(filename, IMREAD_GRAYSCALE);
    if (src.empty()) { return -1; }

    Canny(src, dst, 50, 200, 3);                // Canny算子边缘检测
    cvtColor(dst, cdst, COLOR_GRAY2BGR);        // 转换灰度图像
    cdstP = cdst.clone();

    vector<Vec2f> lines;
    HoughLines(dst, lines, 1, CV_PI / 180, 150, 0, 0);  // hough检测
    for (size_t i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++)           // 绘制线条
    {
        float rho = lines[i][0], theta = lines[i][1];
        Point pt1, pt2;
        double a = cos(theta), b = sin(theta);
        double x0 = a*rho, y0 = b*rho;
        pt1.x = cvRound(x0 + 1000 * (-b));
        pt1.y = cvRound(y0 + 1000 * (a));
        pt2.x = cvRound(x0 - 1000 * (-b));
        pt2.y = cvRound(y0 - 1000 * (a));
        line(cdst, pt1, pt2, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 3, CV_AA);
    }

    vector<Vec4i> linesP;
    HoughLinesP(dst, linesP, 1, CV_PI / 180, 50, 50, 10);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < linesP.size(); i++)
    {
        Vec4i l = linesP[i];
        line(cdstP, Point(l[0], l[1]), Point(l[2], l[3]), Scalar(0, 0, 255), 3, LINE_AA);
    }

    imshow("Source", src);
    imshow("HoughLines", cdst);
    imshow("HoughLinesP", cdstP);

    waitKey();
    return 0;
}

运行结果

---

Hough圆检测

void cv::HoughCircles   (   InputArray  image,    OutputArray   circles,
                            int    method,        double    dp,
                            double minDist,    
                            double param1 = 100,  double    param2 = 100,
                            int   minRadius = 0,  int maxRadius = 0 
)   

说明：dp是累加器分辨率与图像分辨率的反比。例如，如果dp = 1，则累加器具有与输入图像相同的分辨率。如果dp = 2，则累加器的宽度和高度只有一半。
     minDist指检测到的圆圈中心之间的最小距离。
     param1：用于Canny的边缘阀值上限，下限被置为上限的一半。
     param2：累加器的阀值。

---

代码示例

#include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
#include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
#include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"

using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    char* filename = "../data/smarties.png";
    Mat src = imread(filename, IMREAD_COLOR);
    if (src.empty()) { return -1; }

    Mat gray;
    cvtColor(src, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
    medianBlur(gray, gray, 5);              // 中值滤波，滤除噪声，避免错误检测

    vector<Vec3f> circles;
    HoughCircles(gray, circles, HOUGH_GRADIENT, 1, gray.rows / 16, 100, 30, 1, 30); // Hough圆检测

    for (size_t i = 0; i < circles.size(); i++)
    {
        Vec3i c = circles[i];
        Point center = Point(c[0], c[1]);
        circle(src, center, 1, Scalar(0, 100, 100), 3, LINE_AA);                    // 画圆
        int radius = c[2];
        circle(src, center, radius, Scalar(255, 0, 255), 3, LINE_AA);
    }

    imshow("detected circles", src);

    waitKey();
    return 0;
}

运行结果

---