使用busybox构建根文件系统以及过程中遇到的问题

陈洪伟

已于 2023-06-15 16:50:07 修改

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分类专栏： # Samsung--S3C2440 # 根文件系统文章标签： linux 根文件系统

于 2023-03-17 08:51:43 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u013171226/article/details/129437616

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本文详细记录了在构建基于Busybox的Linux根文件系统过程中遇到的问题及解决方案，包括修改Makefile配置、处理类型冲突错误、解决头文件缺失问题、创建必要目录、安装glibc库等步骤，最后成功制作yaffs2镜像文件并进行验证。

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4.1 /usr/include/unistd.h:203: error: conflicting types for 'gid_t'

4.2 miscutils/seedrng.c:45:24: fatal error: sys/random.h: No such file or directory

4.3 Makefile:405: *** mixed implicit and normal rules: deprecated syntax

4.4 linux/netfilter.h:44: error: field 'in' has incomplete type

7.2 创建etc/init.d/rcS文件

1 下载busybox

去网址：https://busybox.net/downloads/

下载busybox源码，这里下载的1.36版本，然后解压

tar xvf busybox-1.36.0.tar.bz2
cd busybox-1.36.0/

2 修改Makefile

164行 CROSS_COMPILE ?=  改为：CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-

190行 ARCH ?= $(SUBARCH) 改为：ARCH ?= arm

3 配置busybox

make defconfig
make menuconfig

4 编译安装

make -j8
make CONFIG_PREFIX=../fs install

4.1 /usr/include/unistd.h:203: error: conflicting types for 'gid_t'

然后编译报下面的错误

  CC      libbb/capability.o
In file included from include/platform.h:333,
                 from include/libbb.h:13,
                 from libbb/capability.c:18:
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/unistd.h:203: error: conflicting types for 'gid_t'
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/linux/types.h:27: error: previous declaration of 'gid_t' was here
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/unistd.h:208: error: conflicting types for 'uid_t'
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/linux/types.h:26: error: previous declaration of 'uid_t' was here
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/unistd.h:216: error: conflicting types for 'off_t'
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/linux/types.h:17: error: previous declaration of 'off_t' was here
In file included from include/libbb.h:16,
                 from libbb/capability.c:18:
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/dirent.h:37: error: conflicting types for 'ino_t'
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/linux/types.h:14: error: previous declaration of 'ino_t' was here
In file included from /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/bits/fcntl.h:25,
                 from /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/fcntl.h:34,
                 from include/libbb.h:18,
                 from libbb/capability.c:18:
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/sys/types.h:62: error: conflicting types for 'dev_t'
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/linux/types.h:13: error: previous declaration of 'dev_t' was here
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/sys/types.h:72: error: conflicting types for 'mode_t'
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/linux/types.h:15: error: previous declaration of 'mode_t' was here
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/sys/types.h:77: error: conflicting types for 'nlink_t'
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/linux/types.h:16: error: previous declaration of 'nlink_t' was here
In file included from /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/sys/types.h:133,
                 from /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/bits/fcntl.h:25,
                 from /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/fcntl.h:34,
                 from include/libbb.h:18,
                 from libbb/capability.c:18:
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/time.h:105: error: conflicting types for 'timer_t'
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/linux/types.h:22: error: previous declaration of 'timer_t' was here
In file included from /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/sys/types.h:220,
                 from /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/bits/fcntl.h:25,
                 from /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/fcntl.h:34,
                 from include/libbb.h:18,
                 from libbb/capability.c:18:
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/sys/select.h:78: error: conflicting types for 'fd_set'
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/linux/types.h:12: error: previous declaration of 'fd_set' was here
In file included from /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/bits/fcntl.h:25,
                 from /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/fcntl.h:34,
                 from include/libbb.h:18,
                 from libbb/capability.c:18:
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/sys/types.h:248: error: conflicting types for 'blkcnt_t'
/usr/local/arm/4.3.2/bin/../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/linux/types.h:124: error: previous declaration of 'blkcnt_t' was here
scripts/Makefile.build:197: recipe for target 'libbb/capability.o' failed
make[1]: *** [libbb/capability.o] Error 1
Makefile:744: recipe for target 'libbb' failed
make: *** [libbb] Error 2

conflicting types for 'dev_t'的原因_小饼仙子的博客-CSDN博客

我看了下这篇博客，然后我这样修改

没用还是有错误。继续搜，看到

3.5.3内核编译出错~求救【linux吧】_百度贴吧

那更换成4.9.4的交叉编译工具链吧

4.2 miscutils/seedrng.c:45:24: fatal error: sys/random.h: No such file or directory

换成4.9.4的交叉编译工具后，编译报下面的错误

miscutils/seedrng.c:45:24: fatal error: sys/random.h: No such file or directory
 #include <sys/random.h>
                        ^
compilation terminated.
scripts/Makefile.build:197: recipe for target 'miscutils/seedrng.o' failed
make[1]: *** [miscutils/seedrng.o] Error 1
Makefile:746: recipe for target 'miscutils' failed
make: *** [miscutils] Error 2

网上继续搜，看到

嵌入式开发六：busybox编译根文件系统的一些错误解决办法_busybox编译报错miscutils/seedrng.c:45:24: fatal error:_zhubenfulovepoem的博客-CSDN博客

上面说

进入make menuconfig：
在   Miscellaneous Utilities ---> 
[ ] taskset 
将其前的星号去掉即可。

但是我在 Miscellaneous Utilities中没找到tasknet，于是搜索了下，发现它在Linux System Utilities中。

但是发现问题未解决，于是继续找，搜到了类似的

那应该还是交叉编译工具链的版本太低，我去看了下我交叉编译工具链里面的libc库，是2.19版本的。

这时候我不再更换交叉编译工具链版本了，因为我用的开发板芯片太老，用新的交叉编译工具链可能还会有其他稀奇古怪的错误，所以这里我反向操作，不升级交叉编译工具链的版本而是降低busybox的版本，这里用busy1.7.0版本，并且交叉编译工具链用回4.3.2。

4.3 Makefile:405: *** mixed implicit and normal rules: deprecated syntax

编译报下面的错误

Makefile:405: *** mixed implicit and normal rules: deprecated syntax
Makefile:1242: *** mixed implicit and normal rules: deprecated syntax
make: *** No rule to make target 'defconfig'.  Stop.

解决方法在下面的博客

编译busybox-1.7.0出现Makefile:405:*** mixed implicit and normal rules: deprecated syntax_骑着蜗牛写代码的博客-CSDN博客

4.4 linux/netfilter.h:44: error: field 'in' has incomplete type

继续编译又报下面的错误

linux/netfilter.h:44: error: field 'in' has incomplete type

解决方法

在 .../arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include/linux/netfilter.h 的开头
添加缺少的头文件：
#include <netinet/in.h>

然后编译不再报错，然后安装安装

make CONFIG_PREFIX=../fs/ install

可以在fs下面看到生成的文件和目录

5 创建必要的文件夹

到fs目录下，执行下面的命令

mkdir dev etc lib mnt proc sys tmp var

6 安装glibc库

这里直接把交叉编译工具链路径下的库拷贝到上面创建的lib文件夹中。

在交叉编译工具链的位置里面用下面的命令搜索

由于ARM9属于ARMv4T架构,所以拷贝上面第三个第四个lib到fs文件夹里面

mkdir lib
mkdir usr/lib
cp -drf /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/armv4t/lib/*.so* ./lib/
cp -drf /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/armv4t/usr/lib/*.so* ./usr/lib/

上面拷贝的时候要注意，后面是*.so*，有两个星号，不是*.so。

7 构建etc目录

etc目录下的内容取决于要运行的程序，本节只需要创建3个文件：etc/inittab, etc/init.d/rcS， etc/fstab。

7.1 创建etc/inittab文件

我们在etc目录下创建inittab文件，文件内容如下

7.2 创建etc/init.d/rcS文件

这是一个脚本文件，可以在里面添加想自动执行的命令，以下命令配置IP地址、挂接/etc/fstab指定的文件系统。

第一行表示这是一个脚本文件，运行时使用/bin/sh解析。
第二行用来配置IP地址。
第三行挂接/etc/fstab文件指定的所有文件系统。

创建完成后改变它的属性，

chmod +x rcS

7.3 创建etc/fstab文件

内容如下，表示执行mount -a命令后将挂载proc、tmpfs文件系统。

8 构建dev目录

cd dev
sudo mknod console c 5 1
sudo mknod null c 1 3
sudo mknod ttySAC0 c 204 64
sudo mknod mtdblock0 b 31 0
sudo mknod mtdblock1 b 31 1
sudo mknod mtdblock2 b 31 2

执行完之后