uboot的第一阶段 start.S文件源码注释

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/myblesh/articles/2454352.html


下面来看第一部分:代码段,对应于uboot的第一阶段 start.S文件

附上代码:

 

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<span style= "font-size: 14px;" >#include <config.h>
#include <version.h>
 
 
/*
  *************************************************************************
  *
  * Jump vector table as in table 3.1 in [1]
  *
  *************************************************************************
  */
 
 
.globl _start    /*声明一个全局变量,可以被其他文件引用*/
_start: b       reset       /* 复位 */ b是不带返回的跳转(bl是带返回的跳转),意思是无条件直接跳转到_start执行程序
     <span style= "color: #ff0000;" >ldr   pc, _undefined_instruction</span>     /* 未定义指令向量 ldr相当于mov操作*/
     ldr pc, _software_interrupt
     ldr pc, _prefetch_abort
     ldr pc, _data_abort
     ldr pc, _not_used
     ldr pc, _irq
     ldr pc, _fiq
/*  中断向量表入口地址 */
_undefined_instruction: .word undefined_instruction      /*就是在当前地址,即_undefined_instruction 处存放 undefined_instruction*/
_software_interrupt:    .word software_interrupt
_prefetch_abort:    .word prefetch_abort
_data_abort:        .word data_abort
_not_used:      .word not_used
_irq:           .word irq
_fiq:           .word fiq
/*  word伪操作用于分配一段字内存单元(分配的单元都是字对齐的),并用伪操作中的expr初始化*/ <br><br>
     .balignl 16,0xdeadbeef
 
/*</span><br><br>

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<span style= "font-size: 14px;" >*/
/*
  *************************************************************************
  *
  * Startup Code (reset vector)
  *
  * do important init only if we don't start from memory!
  * relocate armboot to ram
  * setup stack
  * jump to second stage
  *
  *************************************************************************
  */
 
_TEXT_BASE:
     .word   TEXT_BASE    </span><br><br><span style= "font-size: 14px;" >/*_TEXT_BASE:   .word    TEXT_BASE  //0x33F80000,在board/smdk2410/config.mk中</span>
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<span style= "font-size: 14px;" >这段话表示,用户告诉编译器<span style= "color: #ff0000;" >编译地址</span>的起始地址*/
 
.globl _armboot_start
_armboot_start:
     .word _start
 
/*
  * These are defined in the board-specific linker script.
  */
.globl _bss_start
_bss_start:
     .word __bss_start
 
.globl _bss_end
_bss_end:
     .word _end
 
#ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ
/* IRQ stack memory (calculated at run-time) */
.globl IRQ_STACK_START
IRQ_STACK_START:
     .word   0x0badc0de
 
/* IRQ stack memory (calculated at run-time) */
.globl FIQ_STACK_START
FIQ_STACK_START:
     .word 0x0badc0de
#endif
 
 
/*
  * the actual reset code
  */
 
reset:
     /*
      * set the cpu to SVC32 mode
      */
     mrs r0,cpsr
     bic r0,r0,#0x1f   /*工作模式位清零*/
     orr r0,r0,#0xd3   /*工作模式位设置为“10011”(管理模式),并将中断禁止位和快中断禁止位置1 */
     msr cpsr,r0
/*<span> 以上代码将CPU的工作模式位设置为管理模式,即设置相应的CPSR程序状态字,并将中断禁止位和快中断禁止位置一,<br>从而屏蔽了IRQ和FIQ中断。</span>*/ <br>
/* turn off the watchdog */
#if defined(CONFIG_S3C2400)
# define pWTCON     0x15300000
# define INTMSK     0x14400008  /* Interupt-Controller base addresses */
# define CLKDIVN    0x14800014  /* clock divisor register */
#elif defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
# define pWTCON     0x53000000
# define INTMSK     0x4A000008  /* Interupt-Controller base addresses */
# define INTSUBMSK  0x4A00001C
# define CLKDIVN    0x4C000014  /* clock divisor register */
#endif
<br> /*<span> 以上代码完成了WATCHDOG,INTMSK,INTSUBMSK,CLKDIVN四个寄存器的地址的设置</span>*/
#if defined(CONFIG_S3C2400) || defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
     ldr     r0, =pWTCON
     mov     r1, #0x0
     str     r1, [r0]
 
     /*
     <span style="color: #ff0000;"> * mask all IRQs by setting all bits in the INTMR - default</span>
      */
     mov r1, #0xffffffff
     ldr r0, =INTMSK
     str r1, [r0]
# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
     ldr r1, =0x3ff
     ldr r0, =INTSUBMSK
     str r1, [r0]
# endif
/*<span style="color: #ff0000;"><strong>设置MPLLCON,UPLLCON, CLKDIVN</strong>*</span>/
     /* FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:2:4 */
     /* default FCLK is 120 MHz ! */
     ldr r0, =CLKDIVN
     mov r1, #3
     str r1, [r0]
#endif  /* CONFIG_S3C2400 || CONFIG_S3C2410 */
 
     /*
      * we do sys-critical inits only at reboot,
      * not when booting from ram!
      */ <br> /*接着往下看:*/
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
     bl  cpu_init_crit <span> /* </span><span>;跳转并把转移后面紧接的一条指令地址保存到链接寄存器LR(R14)中,<br>                      以此来完成子程序的调用*/ </span> 
#endif
 
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT
relocate:               /* relocate U-Boot to RAM       */
     adr r0, _start      /* r0 <- current position of code   */
     ldr r1, _TEXT_BASE      /* test if we run from flash or RAM */
     cmp     r0, r1                  /* don't reloc during debug         */
     beq     stack_setup
 
     ldr r2, _armboot_start
     ldr r3, _bss_start
     sub r2, r3, r2      /* r2 <- size of armboot            */
     add r2, r0, r2      /* r2 <- source end address         */
 
copy_loop:
     ldmia   r0!, {r3-r10}       /* copy from source address [r0]    */
     stmia   r1!, {r3-r10}       /* copy to   target address [r1]    */
     cmp r0, r2          /* until source end addreee [r2]    */
     ble copy_loop
#endif  /* CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT */
 
     /* Set up the stack                         */
stack_setup:
     ldr r0, _TEXT_BASE      /* upper 128 KiB: relocated uboot   */
     sub r0, r0, #CFG_MALLOC_LEN /* malloc area                      */
     sub r0, r0, #CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE /* bdinfo                        */
#ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ
     sub r0, r0, #(CONFIG_STACKSIZE_IRQ+CONFIG_STACKSIZE_FIQ)
#endif
     sub sp, r0, #12     /* leave 3 words for abort-stack    */
 
clear_bss:
     ldr r0, _bss_start      /* find start of bss segment        */
     ldr r1, _bss_end        /* stop here                        */
     mov     r2, #0x00000000     /* clear                            */
 
clbss_l:str r2, [r0]        /* clear loop...                    */
     add r0, r0, #4
     cmp r0, r1
     ble clbss_l
 
#if 0
     /* try doing this stuff after the relocation */
     ldr     r0, =pWTCON
     mov     r1, #0x0
     str     r1, [r0]
 
     /*
      * mask all IRQs by setting all bits in the INTMR - default
      */
     mov r1, #0xffffffff
     ldr r0, =INTMR
     str r1, [r0]
 
     /* FCLK:HCLK:PCLK = 1:2:4 */
     /* default FCLK is 120 MHz ! */
     ldr r0, =CLKDIVN
     mov r1, #3
     str r1, [r0]
     /* END stuff after relocation */
#endif
 
     ldr pc, _start_armboot
 
_start_armboot: .word start_armboot
 
 
/*
  *************************************************************************
  *
  * CPU_init_critical registers
  *
  * setup important registers
  * setup memory timing
  *
  *************************************************************************
  */
 
 
#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT
cpu_init_crit:
     /*
      * flush v4 I/D caches
      */
     mov r0, #0
     mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c7, 0   /* flush v3/v4 cache */
     mcr p15, 0, r0, c8, c7, 0   /* flush v4 TLB */
 
     /*
      * disable MMU stuff and caches
      */
     mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
     bic r0, r0, #0x00002300 @ clear bits 13, 9:8 (--V- --RS)
     bic r0, r0, #0x00000087 @ clear bits 7, 2:0 (B--- -CAM)
     orr r0, r0, #0x00000002 @ set bit 2 (A) Align
     orr r0, r0, #0x00001000 @ set bit 12 (I) I-Cache
     mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
 
     /*
      * before relocating, we have to setup RAM timing
      * because memory timing is board-dependend, you will
      * find a lowlevel_init.S in your board directory.
      */
     mov ip, lr
     bl  lowlevel_init
     mov lr, ip
     mov pc, lr
#endif /* CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT */
 
/*
  *************************************************************************
  *
  * Interrupt handling
  *
  *************************************************************************
  */
 
@
@ IRQ stack frame.
@
#define S_FRAME_SIZE    72
 
#define S_OLD_R0    68
#define S_PSR       64
#define S_PC        60
#define S_LR        56
#define S_SP        52
 
#define S_IP        48
#define S_FP        44
#define S_R10       40
#define S_R9        36
#define S_R8        32
#define S_R7        28
#define S_R6        24
#define S_R5        20
#define S_R4        16
#define S_R3        12
#define S_R2        8
#define S_R1        4
#define S_R0        0
 
#define MODE_SVC 0x13
#define I_BIT    0x80
 
/*
  * use bad_save_user_regs for abort/prefetch/undef/swi ...
  * use irq_save_user_regs / irq_restore_user_regs for IRQ/FIQ handling
  */
 
     .macro  bad_save_user_regs
     sub sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE
     stmia   sp, {r0 - r12}          @ Calling r0-r12
     ldr r2, _armboot_start
     sub r2, r2, #(CONFIG_STACKSIZE+CFG_MALLOC_LEN)
     sub r2, r2, #(CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE+8)  @ set base 2 words into abort stack
     ldmia   r2, {r2 - r3}           @ get pc, cpsr
     add r0, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE       @ restore sp_SVC
 
     add r5, sp, #S_SP
     mov r1, lr
     stmia   r5, {r0 - r3}           @ save sp_SVC, lr_SVC, pc, cpsr
     mov r0, sp
     .endm
 
     .macro  irq_save_user_regs
     sub sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE
     stmia   sp, {r0 - r12}          @ Calling r0-r12
     add     r8, sp, #S_PC
     stmdb   r8, {sp, lr}^                   @ Calling SP, LR
     str     lr, [r8, #0]                    @ Save calling PC
     mrs     r6, spsr
     str     r6, [r8, #4]                    @ Save CPSR
     str     r0, [r8, #8]                    @ Save OLD_R0
     mov r0, sp
     .endm
 
     .macro  irq_restore_user_regs
     ldmia   sp, {r0 - lr}^          @ Calling r0 - lr
     mov r0, r0
     ldr lr, [sp, #S_PC]         @ Get PC
     add sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE
     subs    pc, lr, #4          @ return & move spsr_svc into cpsr
     .endm
 
     .macro get_bad_stack
     ldr r13, _armboot_start     @ setup our mode stack
     sub r13, r13, #(CONFIG_STACKSIZE+CFG_MALLOC_LEN)
     sub r13, r13, #(CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE+8) @ reserved a couple spots in abort stack
 
     str lr, [r13]           @ save caller lr / spsr
     mrs lr, spsr
     str     lr, [r13, #4]
 
     mov r13, #MODE_SVC          @ prepare SVC-Mode
     @ msr   spsr_c, r13
     msr spsr, r13
     mov lr, pc
     movs    pc, lr
     .endm
 
     .macro get_irq_stack            @ setup IRQ stack
     ldr sp, IRQ_STACK_START
     .endm
 
     .macro get_fiq_stack            @ setup FIQ stack
     ldr sp, FIQ_STACK_START
     .endm
 
/*
  * exception handlers
  */
     .align  5
undefined_instruction:
     get_bad_stack
     bad_save_user_regs
     bl  do_undefined_instruction
 
     .align  5
software_interrupt:
     get_bad_stack
     bad_save_user_regs
     bl  do_software_interrupt
 
     .align  5
prefetch_abort:
     get_bad_stack
     bad_save_user_regs
     bl  do_prefetch_abort
 
     .align  5
data_abort:
     get_bad_stack
     bad_save_user_regs
     bl  do_data_abort
 
     .align  5
not_used:
     get_bad_stack
     bad_save_user_regs
     bl  do_not_used
 
#ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ
 
     .align  5
irq:
     get_irq_stack
     irq_save_user_regs
     bl  do_irq
     irq_restore_user_regs
 
     .align  5
fiq:
     get_fiq_stack
     /* someone ought to write a more effiction fiq_save_user_regs */
     irq_save_user_regs
     bl  do_fiq
     irq_restore_user_regs
 
#else
 
     .align  5
irq:
     get_bad_stack
     bad_save_user_regs
     bl  do_irq
 
     .align  5
fiq:
     get_bad_stack
     bad_save_user_regs
     bl  do_fiq
 
#endif
</span>

  上面给出了代码的部分相关注释,个人学习uboot的总结是,要仔细的反复熟读源码框架,然后再进行不停地分析明一条指令

  下节具体分析第一阶段的源码,以及为什么要那么做??

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