先看以下代码，是我们创建线程池的一种方式：
ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();可以进入Executors类看一下，java创建线程池的四种方式，分别有以下四个大类：
（1）newCachedThreadPool创建一个可缓存线程池，如果线程池长度超过处理需要，可灵活回收空闲线程(空闲线程超过存活时间的可以回收)，若无可回收，则新建线程。
（2）newFixedThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池，可控制线程最大并发数，超出的线程会在队列中等待。
（3）newScheduledThreadPool 创建一个定长线程池，支持定时及周期性任务执行。
（4）newSingleThreadExecutor 创建一个单线程化的线程池，它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务，保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。
当然在Executors中创先以上四种线程池的方式还有很多，一会有所涉及。
我们现在进入Executors类看看创建上述四种线程池有哪些方式：
(1)newFixedThreadPool
/**
* Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads
* operating off a shared unbounded queue. At any point, at most
* {@code nThreads} threads will be active processing tasks.
* If additional tasks are submitted when all threads are active,
* they will wait in the queue until a thread is available.
* If any thread terminates due to a failure during execution
* prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if needed to
* execute subsequent tasks. The threads in the pool will exist
* until it is explicitly {@link ExecutorService#shutdown shutdown}.
*
* @param nThreads the number of threads in the pool
* @return the newly created thread pool
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code nThreads <= 0}
*/
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}
/**
* Creates a thread pool that reuses a fixed number of threads
* operating off a shared unbounded queue, using the provided
* ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed. At any point,
* at most {@code nThreads} threads will be active processing
* tasks. If additional tasks are submitted when all threads are
* active, they will wait in the queue until a thread is
* available. If any thread terminates due to a failure during
* execution prior to shutdown, a new one will take its place if
* needed to execute subsequent tasks. The threads in the pool will
* exist until it is explicitly {@link ExecutorService#shutdown
* shutdown}.
*
* @param nThreads the number of threads in the pool
* @param threadFactory the factory to use when creating new threads
* @return the newly created thread pool
* @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory is null
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code nThreads <= 0}
*/
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
threadFactory);
}这边有两种方式是用来创建newFixedThreadPool线程池的，一种是直接传入线程的个数，另外一种是传进线程的个数，还有线程工厂（ThreadFactory）。有些任务需求对于如何创建线程有自己安排，所以需要传入自己实现ThreadFactory接口的线程工厂类。仔细看，其实这两个方法都使用了类ThreadPoolExecutor。可以去类ThreadPoolExecutor中看看里面构造函数中参数的意思，其构造函数代码如下：可以看到他调用了this(....)构造函数，我顺便把他底层的构造函数都写在后面，方便查看。
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
}
/**
* Creates a new {@code ThreadPoolExecutor} with the given initial
* parameters.
*
* @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, even
* if they are idle, unless {@code allowCoreThreadTimeOut} is set
* @param maximumPoolSize the maximum number of threads to allow in the
* pool
* @param keepAliveTime when the number of threads is greater than
* the core, this is the maximum time that excess idle threads
* will wait for new tasks before terminating.
* @param unit the time unit for the {@code keepAliveTime} argument
* @param workQueue the queue to use for holding tasks before they are
* executed. This queue will hold only the {@code Runnable}
* tasks submitted by the {@code execute} method.
* @param threadFactory the factory to use when the executor
* creates a new thread
* @param handler the handler to use when execution is blocked
* because the thread bounds and queue capacities are reached
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if one of the following holds:<br>
* {@code corePoolSize < 0}<br>
* {@code keepAliveTime < 0}<br>
* {@code maximumPoolSize <= 0}<br>
* {@code maximumPoolSize < corePoolSize}
* @throws NullPointerException if {@code workQueue}
* or {@code threadFactory} or {@code handler} is null
*/
public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
int maximumPoolSize,
long keepAliveTime,
TimeUnit unit,
BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue,
ThreadFactory threadFactory,
RejectedExecutionHandler handler)这里面一共有六个参数，分别如下：
corePoolSize是线程池中所维持的线程池大小。这些线程即使是空闲状态，也会存在于线程池中，不会被销毁。这个线程池的核心线程数也可以设置为0，像newCachedThreadPool中就是将核心线程数设置为0的。
maxPoolSize是线程池的最大线程数。这个最大线程数是对于或等于核心线程数的，当你用newFixedThreadPool和newSingleThreadPool时，核心线程数和最大线程数是相等的，这一点你可以在这两种线程池的构造函数中得到验证。
keepAliveTime是用来约束某种线程的生存时间的，这个某种线程是什么意思呢，当线程池所使用的线程数设为n，这个某种线程是一类线程，就是n-corePoolSize的线程，就是超过核心线程数的线程。当线程池所创建的线程数大于核心线程数时，此时会计算当前的这些线程中哪些线程是空闲的，当空闲时间超过这个设定的keepAliveTime时，该线程就会被回收。
unit就是时间单位
workQueue：工作队列，该队列是当核心线程数已经使用完了，之后提交的任务就将放入这个工作队列，尤其需要注意的是，只有当你用execute()方法提交的任务才会放在这个工作队列中。一般到队列满的时候，才会创建先的线程来执行任务，当然要保证线程池的所有线程数小于或等于最大线程数。
threadFactory:线程工厂用于创建线程的。有些需求可能需要自己创建的线程。
handler：是拒绝策略，也叫饱和策略，当线程池中的线程数达到maxPoolSize，并且workQueue（有界队列）已经满了，就需要采用饱和策略了，对于新提交的任务是直接拒绝还是怎么样，是在这边设置的。
这边了解了底层创建线程池的参数，回过头来看看newFixedThreadPool是怎么创建线程池的：
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
}newFixedThreadPool是是有一个参数，就是线程数nThread。这个参数用于设置核心线程数和最大线程数，其中的工作队列是LinkedBlockingQueue，这个队列是链表实现的，也就是说该工作队列不会满，除非你限制他的长度。而且该线程池中的最大线程数就是核心线程数。
接着我们看看其他几个线程池的构造方式。
（2）newSingleThreadExecutor
看看构造函数，核心线程数和最大线程数都是1，生存时间0，也是LinkedBlockingQueue
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
}
（3）newCachedThreadPool
这边有两个构造函数，就是传入承诺书不一样，一个啥也没传，一个穿了线程工厂。最大线程数是Integer的最大值，核心线程数为0，线程最大空闲时间为60秒。工作队列是SynchronousQueue，这个queue是即是交付的，就是任务一到就创建线程去执行。整个工作机制如下：来一个任务就创建线程去执行，当然有空闲线程让这些空闲线程去执行，空闲线程有一个60s生存时间。
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
/**
* Creates a thread pool that creates new threads as needed, but
* will reuse previously constructed threads when they are
* available, and uses the provided
* ThreadFactory to create new threads when needed.
* @param threadFactory the factory to use when creating new threads
* @return the newly created thread pool
* @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory is null
*/
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
threadFactory);
}
（4）newScheuledThreadPool
/**
* Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a
* given delay, or to execute periodically.
* @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool,
* even if they are idle
* @return a newly created scheduled thread pool
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code corePoolSize < 0}
*/
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
}
/**
* Creates a thread pool that can schedule commands to run after a
* given delay, or to execute periodically.
* @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool,
* even if they are idle
* @param threadFactory the factory to use when the executor
* creates a new thread
* @return a newly created scheduled thread pool
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code corePoolSize < 0}
* @throws NullPointerException if threadFactory is null
*/
public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(
int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, threadFactory);
}
这个定时线程池底层使用了ScheuledThreadPoolExecytor类，那我们去看看这个类是怎么构造的
/**
* Creates a new {@code ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor} with the
* given core pool size.
*
* @param corePoolSize the number of threads to keep in the pool, even
* if they are idle, unless {@code allowCoreThreadTimeOut} is set
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code corePoolSize < 0}
*/
public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
new DelayedWorkQueue());
}该类继承 extends ThreadPoolExecutor，所使用的参数就是线程池核心线程数，最大线程数是Integer的最大值，队列用了延迟队列，没有生存时间这一说法。
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