Design Browser History

You have a browser of one tab where you start on the homepage and you can visit another url, get back in the history number of steps or move forward in the history number of steps.

Implement the BrowserHistory class:

• BrowserHistory(string homepage) Initializes the object with the homepage of the browser.
• void visit(string url) visits url from the current page. It clears up all the forward history.
• string back(int steps) Move steps back in history. If you can only return x steps in the history and steps > x, you will return only x steps. Return the current url after moving back in history at most steps.
• string forward(int steps) Move steps forward in history. If you can only forward x steps in the history and steps > x, you will forward only x steps. Return the current url after forwarding in history at most steps.

Example:

Input:
["BrowserHistory","visit","visit","visit","back","back","forward","visit","forward","back","back"]
[["leetcode.com"],["google.com"],["facebook.com"],["youtube.com"],[1],[1],[1],["linkedin.com"],[2],[2],[7]]
Output:
[null,null,null,null,"facebook.com","google.com","facebook.com",null,"linkedin.com","google.com","leetcode.com"]

Explanation:
BrowserHistory browserHistory = new BrowserHistory("leetcode.com");
browserHistory.visit("google.com");       // You are in "leetcode.com". Visit "google.com"
browserHistory.visit("facebook.com");     // You are in "google.com". Visit "facebook.com"
browserHistory.visit("youtube.com");      // You are in "facebook.com". Visit "youtube.com"
browserHistory.back(1);                   // You are in "youtube.com", move back to "facebook.com" return "facebook.com"
browserHistory.back(1);                   // You are in "facebook.com", move back to "google.com" return "google.com"
browserHistory.forward(1);                // You are in "google.com", move forward to "facebook.com" return "facebook.com"
browserHistory.visit("linkedin.com");     // You are in "facebook.com". Visit "linkedin.com"
browserHistory.forward(2);                // You are in "linkedin.com", you cannot move forward any steps.
browserHistory.back(2);                   // You are in "linkedin.com", move back two steps to "facebook.com" then to "google.com". return "google.com"
browserHistory.back(7);                   // You are in "google.com", you can move back only one step to "leetcode.com". return "leetcode.com"

Constraints:

• 1 <= homepage.length <= 20
• 1 <= url.length <= 20
• 1 <= steps <= 100
• homepage and url consist of  '.' or lower case English letters.
• At most 5000 calls will be made to visit, back, and forward.

思路：最容易想到的就是用两个stack

class BrowserHistory {

    private Stack<String> history;
    private Stack<String> future;
    public BrowserHistory(String homepage) {
        this.history = new Stack<>();
        this.future = new Stack<>();
        history.push(homepage);
    }
    
    public void visit(String url) {
        history.push(url);
        future = new Stack<>();
    }
    
    public String back(int steps) {
        while(steps > 0 && history.size() > 1) {
            future.push(history.pop());
            steps--;
        }
        return history.peek();
    }
    
    public String forward(int steps) {
        while(steps > 0 && future.size() > 0) {
            history.push(future.pop());
            steps--;
        }
        return history.peek();
    }
}

/**
 * Your BrowserHistory object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * BrowserHistory obj = new BrowserHistory(homepage);
 * obj.visit(url);
 * String param_2 = obj.back(steps);
 * String param_3 = obj.forward(steps);
 */

思路：用list，直接做，学会用sublist，去掉尾巴的方法；

class BrowserHistory {
    private List<String> list;
    private int index;
    public BrowserHistory(String homepage) {
        list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(homepage);
        this.index = 0;
    }
    
     // 之前visit的页面，back，forward之后，只要call visit，index之后的历史记录都没有了；指针转到index的地方；
    public void visit(String url) {
        index++;
        list = list.subList(0, index); 
        list.add(url);
    }
    
    public String back(int steps) {
        index = Math.max(0, index - steps);
        return list.get(index);
    }
    
    public String forward(int steps) {
        index = Math.min(list.size() - 1, index + steps);
        return list.get(index);
    }
}

/**
 * Your BrowserHistory object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * BrowserHistory obj = new BrowserHistory(homepage);
 * obj.visit(url);
 * String param_2 = obj.back(steps);
 * String param_3 = obj.forward(steps);
 */