ASoC Machine驱动

ASoC 体系结构分析已由DroidPhone前辈在博客中分析得很清楚，可以移步到http://blog.csdn.net/DroidPhone/article/category/1118446阅读对应的博客，这里这是针对驱动开发中需要做的一些工作进行详细的阐述。

ASoC整个架构被分为了三个部分，分别为Platform,Codec 和Machine.

Codec的配置一般通过简单的串行总线如I2C，SPI来实现。
SoC DAI (SoC Digital Audio Interface)有时候也被称作同步串行接口，实现SoC 和CodeC之间的数据传输。通常为I2S，PCM,AC97,DSP A/B接口。有的SoC也有复杂的SPDIF接口。CodeC一般为SoC外部的独立IC,但也有SoC 厂家在SoC内部实现CodeC功能。

Linux 系统中的CodeC驱动部分定义了codec的功能,包括dai类型，控制，模拟输入输出。驱动一般都是IC 厂家实现。

平台驱动定义的是SoC的音频接口。同时还是有DMA调用。实现的是数据的发送和接收。

Machine驱动是实现板级上的Codec 和SoC中间的桥梁。描述两者如何连接。一般的板卡设计者只需要实现这部分的驱动。

Machine 驱动的开发主要工作是向内核注册一个snd_soc_card声卡实体。

snd_soc_card 的主要数据成员为：

/* SoC card */
struct snd_soc_card {
    const char *name;
    const char *long_name;
    const char *driver_name;
    struct device *dev;
    struct snd_card *snd_card;
    [...]
    /* CPU <--> Codec DAI links */
    struct snd_soc_dai_link *dai_link; /* predefined links only */
    int num_links; /* predefined links only */
    struct list_head dai_link_list; /* all links */
    int num_dai_links;
    [...]
};

其中snd_soc_dai_link 成员用于创建CPU　DAI　和　Codec DAI的连接。

struct snd_soc_dai_link {
    /* config - must be set by machine driver */
    const char *name; /* Codec name */
    const char *stream_name; /* Stream name */
    /*
    * You MAY specify the link's CPU-side device, either by device name,
    * or by DT/OF node, but not both. If this information is omitted,
    * the CPU-side DAI is matched using .cpu_dai_name only, which hence
    * must be globally unique. These fields are currently typically used
    * only for codec to codec links, or systems using device tree.
    */
    const char *cpu_name;
    struct device_node *cpu_of_node;
    /*
    * You MAY specify the DAI name of the CPU DAI. If this information is
    * omitted, the CPU-side DAI is matched using .cpu_name/.cpu_of_node
    * only, which only works well when that device exposes a single DAI.
    */
    const char *cpu_dai_name;
    /*
    * You MUST specify the link's codec, either by device name, or by
    * DT/OF node, but not both.
    */
    const char *codec_name;
    struct device_node *codec_of_node;
    /* You MUST specify the DAI name within the codec */
    const char *codec_dai_name;
    struct snd_soc_dai_link_component *codecs;
    unsigned int num_codecs;
    /*
    * You MAY specify the link's platform/PCM/DMA driver, either by
    * device name, or by DT/OF node, but not both. Some forms of link
    * do not need a platform.
    */
    const char *platform_name;
    struct device_node *platform_of_node;
    int id; /* optional ID for machine driver link identification */
    const struct snd_soc_pcm_stream *params;
    unsigned int num_params;
    unsigned int dai_fmt; /* format to set on init */
};

代码上就是对cpu_of_node，platform_of_node和codec_of_node分配对应的节点，当然也可以通过相应的name进行指定。

下面来分析一段代码：

首先在device tree中也按照codec，cpu dai 和 machine 进行描述。
machine 描述字段指定连接的codec和 dai.

sound {
    compatible = "atmel,asoc-wm8904";
    pinctrl-names = "default";
    pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_pck0_as_mck>;
    atmel,model = "wm8904 @ AT91SAM9N12EK";
    atmel,audio-routing =
    "Headphone Jack", "HPOUTL",
    "Headphone Jack", "HPOUTR",
    "IN2L", "Line In Jack",
    "IN2R", "Line In Jack",
    "Mic", "MICBIAS",
    "IN1L", "Mic";
    atmel,ssc-controller = <&ssc0>;
    atmel,audio-codec = <&wm8904>;
};

machine 驱动代码中实例一个snd_soc_card 和 snd_soc_dai_link

static struct snd_soc_dai_link atmel_asoc_wm8904_dailink = {
    .name = "WM8904",
    .stream_name = "WM8904 PCM",
    .codec_dai_name = "wm8904-hifi",
    .dai_fmt = SND_SOC_DAIFMT_I2S
                | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_NB_NF
                | SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM,
    .ops = &atmel_asoc_wm8904_ops,
};


static struct snd_soc_card atmel_asoc_wm8904_card = {
    .name = "atmel_asoc_wm8904",
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    .dai_link = &atmel_asoc_wm8904_dailink,
    .num_links = 1,
    .dapm_widgets = atmel_asoc_wm8904_dapm_widgets,
    .num_dapm_widget = ARRAY_SIZE(atmel_asoc_wm8904_dapm_widgets),
    .fully_routed = true,
};

在probe函数中把平台驱动设备和声卡设备进行绑定，然后读取device tree信息来填充cpu_of_node，platform_of_node和codec_of_node.

static int atmel_asoc_wm8904_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
    struct snd_soc_card *card = &atmel_asoc_wm8904_card;
    struct snd_soc_dai_link *dailink =  &atmel_asoc_wm8904_dailink;
    int id, ret;
    card->dev = &pdev->dev;
    ret = atmel_asoc_wm8904_dt_init(pdev);
    if (ret) {
    dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to init dt info\n");
    return ret;
    }
    id = of_alias_get_id((struct device_node*)dailink->cpu_of_node, "ssc");
    ret = atmel_ssc_set_audio(id);
    if (ret != 0) {
    dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to set SSC %d for audio\n",     id);
    return ret;
    }
    ret = snd_soc_register_card(card);
    [...]
}

static int atmel_asoc_wm8904_dt_init(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
    struct device_node *np = pdev->dev.of_node;
    struct device_node *codec_np, *cpu_np;
    struct snd_soc_card *card = &atmel_asoc_wm8904_card;
    struct snd_soc_dai_link *dailink = &atmel_asoc_wm8904_dailink;
    [...]
    cpu_np = of_parse_phandle(np, "atmel,ssc-controller", 0);
    if (!cpu_np) {
    dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to get dai and pcm info\n");
    ret = -EINVAL;
    return ret;
    }
    dailink->cpu_of_node = cpu_np;
    dailink->platform_of_node = cpu_np;
    of_node_put(cpu_np);
    codec_np = of_parse_phandle(np, "atmel,audio-codec", 0);
    if (!codec_np) {
    dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to get codec info\n");
    ret = -EINVAL;
    return ret;
    }
    dailink->codec_of_node = codec_np;