密码朋克简介

注：机翻，未校。

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History of Cypherpunks

The Cypherpunks are a movement and a group of activists advocating for the widespread use of strong cryptography and privacy-enhancing technologies as a route to social and political change. Originating in the early 1990s, the term “Cypherpunk” is a portmanteau of “cipher,” referring to the art of writing or solving codes, and “punk,” reflecting their anti-establishment ethos. This movement believes in the power of privacy as a fundamental right and sees cryptography as the key to protecting individual freedom against surveillance and control by states and corporations.
Cypherpunks 是一个运动和一群活动家，他们倡导广泛使用强大的密码学和隐私增强技术作为社会和政治变革的途径。起源于 1990 年代初期的 “Cypherpunk” 一词是 “cipher” 和 “punk” 的合成词，“cipher” 指的是编写或解决代码的艺术，反映了他们的反建制精神。该运动相信隐私的力量是一项基本权利，并将密码学视为保护个人自由免受国家和公司监视和控制的关键。

The Cypherpunks communicated through a mailing list started by Eric Hughes, Timothy C. May, and John Gilmore in 1992, which quickly became a hub for discussions on privacy, encryption, digital currencies, and more. Their seminal manifesto, “A Cypherpunk’s Manifesto,” penned by Eric Hughes in 1993, encapsulates their core belief: “Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age. … We cannot expect governments, corporations, or other large, faceless organizations to grant us privacy out of their beneficence.”
Cypherpunks 通过 Eric Hughes、Timothy C. May 和 John Gilmore 于 1992 年创建的邮件列表进行交流，该邮件列表迅速成为讨论隐私、加密、数字货币等方面的中心。埃里克・休斯（Eric Hughes）于 1993 年撰写的开创性宣言 “密码朋克宣言”（A Cypherpunk’s Manifesto）概括了他们的核心信念：“隐私对于电子时代的开放社会是必要的。… 我们不能指望政府、公司或其他大型、不露面的组织出于他们的善意而给予我们隐私。

‍Members of the Cypherpunk community have been instrumental in developing foundational technologies that underpin the modern internet and the field of digital security. They have contributed to the creation of protocols and tools such as Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) for secure communications, the Tor network for anonymous web browsing, and the concept of cryptocurrencies, which led to the development of Bitcoin.
Cypherpunk 社区的成员在开发支撑现代互联网和数字安全领域的基础技术方面发挥了重要作用。他们为协议和工具的创建做出了贡献，例如用于安全通信的 Pretty Good Privacy （PGP）、用于匿名网页浏览的 Tor 网络以及加密货币的概念，这导致了比特币的发展。

The legacy of the Cypherpunks is evident in today’s digital landscape. Their ethos and technological innovations continue to influence activists, developers, and privacy advocates around the world. The movement underscores the importance of cryptography in safeguarding privacy and freedom in the digital age, advocating for the use of strong encryption as a means to resist censorship and surveillance.
密码朋克的遗产在当今的数字环境中是显而易见的。他们的精神和技术创新继续影响着世界各地的活动家、开发者和隐私倡导者。该运动强调了密码学在数字时代保护隐私和自由的重要性，倡导使用强加密作为抵制审查和监视的手段。

‍In summary, the Cypherpunks are not just a group of tech enthusiasts but a visionary movement that foresaw the critical role of privacy and encryption in the digital era. Their contributions and philosophy remain deeply relevant as we navigate the challenges of privacy, security, and freedom in our increasingly digital world.
总而言之，Cypherpunks 不仅仅是一群技术爱好者，而是一个有远见的运动，他们预见了隐私和加密在数字时代的关键作用。在日益数字化的世界中，我们应对隐私、安全和自由的挑战时，他们的贡献和理念仍然具有深远的意义。

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via：

• History of Cypherpunks - Cypher Lab February 15, 2023

  https://www.cypherlab.org/blog/articles/history-of-cypherpunks

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A Cypherpunk’s Manifesto 密码朋克宣言

Eric Hughes

March 9, 1993

Privacy is necessary for an open society in the electronic age. Privacy is not secrecy. A private matter is something one doesn’t want the whole world to know, but a secret matter is something one doesn’t want anybody to know. Privacy is the power to selectively reveal oneself to the world.
在电子时代，隐私对于开放社会是必要的。隐私不是秘密。私事是一个人不想让全世界都知道的事情，但秘密事是一个人不想让任何人知道的事情。隐私是有选择地向世界展示自己的力量。

If two parties have some sort of dealings, then each has a memory of their interaction. Each party can speak about their own memory of this; how could anyone prevent it? One could pass laws against it, but the freedom of speech, even more than privacy, is fundamental to an open society; we seek not to restrict any speech at all. If many parties speak together in the same forum, each can speak to all the others and aggregate together knowledge about individuals and other parties. The power of electronic communications has enabled such group speech, and it will not go away merely because we might want it to.
如果两方有某种交易，那么每一方都有他们互动的记忆。每一方都可以谈论他们自己对此的记忆;谁能阻止它？人们可以通过法律来反对它，但言论自由，甚至不仅仅是隐私，是开放社会的基础;我们寻求不限制任何言论。如果许多当事方在同一个论坛上一起发言，那么每个当事方都可以与所有其他当事方交谈，并汇总有关个人和其他当事方的知识。电子通信的力量使这种群体言论成为可能，它不会仅仅因为我们可能希望它而消失。

Since we desire privacy, we must ensure that each party to a transaction have knowledge only of that which is directly necessary for that transaction. Since any information can be spoken of, we must ensure that we reveal as little as possible. In most cases personal identity is not salient. When I purchase a magazine at a store and hand cash to the clerk, there is no need to know who I am. When I ask my electronic mail provider to send and receive messages, my provider need not know to whom I am speaking or what I am saying or what others are saying to me; my provider only need know how to get the message there and how much I owe them in fees. When my identity is revealed by the underlying mechanism of the transaction, I have no privacy. I cannot here selectively reveal myself; I must always reveal myself.
由于我们渴望隐私，我们必须确保交易的每一方只知道该交易直接需要的信息。由于任何信息都可以被谈论，我们必须确保我们尽可能少地透露。在大多数情况下，个人身份并不突出。当我在商店购买杂志并将现金交给店员时，无需知道我是谁。当我要求我的电子邮件地址发送和接收消息时，我的提供商不需要知道我在对谁说话，或者我在说什么，或者其他人在对我说什么;我的提供商只需要知道如何在那里获得消息以及我欠他们多少费用。当我的身份被交易的底层机制揭示时，我没有隐私。我不能在这里有选择地展示我自己;我必须始终显露出自己。

Therefore, privacy in an open society requires anonymous transaction systems. Until now, cash has been the primary such system. An anonymous transaction system is not a secret transaction system. An anonymous system empowers individuals to reveal their identity when desired and only when desired; this is the essence of privacy.
因此，在开放社会中，隐私需要匿名交易系统。到目前为止，现金一直是主要的此类系统。匿名交易系统不是秘密交易系统。匿名系统使个人能够在需要时披露其身份，并且仅在需要时披露其身份;这就是隐私的本质。

Privacy in an open society also requires cryptography. If I say something, I want it heard only by those for whom I intend it. If the content of my speech is available to the world, I have no privacy. To encrypt is to indicate the desire for privacy, and to encrypt with weak cryptography is to indicate not too much desire for privacy. Furthermore, to reveal one’s identity with assurance when the default is anonymity requires the cryptographic signature.
在开放社会中，隐私也需要密码学。如果我说了什么，我希望只有那些我想要的人听到它。如果我的演讲内容对全世界开放，我就没有隐私。加密是表明对隐私的渴望，而使用弱密码学加密是表明对隐私的渴望不是太多。此外，在默认为匿名的情况下，要有把握地揭示一个人的身份，需要加密签名。

We cannot expect governments, corporations, or other large, faceless organizations to grant us privacy out of their beneficence. It is to their advantage to speak of us, and we should expect that they will speak. To try to prevent their speech is to fight against the realities of information. Information does not just want to be free, it longs to be free. Information expands to fill the available storage space. Information is Rumor’s younger, stronger cousin; Information is fleeter of foot, has more eyes, knows more, and understands less than Rumor.
我们不能指望政府、公司或其他大型、不露面的组织出于他们的善意而授予我们隐私。谈论我们对他们有利，我们应该期待他们会说话。试图阻止他们的言论就是在与信息的现实作斗争。信息不仅想要自由，还渴望自由。信息将扩展以填充可用的存储空间。信息是谣言更年轻、更强壮的表弟;信息比谣言稍纵即逝，眼睛多，知道的多，懂的少。

We must defend our own privacy if we expect to have any. We must come together and create systems which allow anonymous transactions to take place. People have been defending their own privacy for centuries with whispers, darkness, envelopes, closed doors, secret handshakes, and couriers. The technologies of the past did not allow for strong privacy, but electronic technologies do.
如果我们期望拥有任何隐私，我们必须捍卫自己的隐私。我们必须团结起来，建立允许匿名交易发生的系统。几个世纪以来，人们一直在通过耳语、黑暗、信封、关门、秘密握手和快递来捍卫自己的隐私。过去的技术不允许强大的隐私，但电子技术可以。

We the Cypherpunks are dedicated to building anonymous systems. We are defending our privacy with cryptography, with anonymous mail forwarding systems, with digital signatures, and with electronic money.
我们密码朋克致力于构建匿名系统。我们正在用密码学、匿名邮件转发系统、数字签名和电子货币来保护我们的隐私。

Cypherpunks write code. We know that someone has to write software to defend privacy, and since we can’t get privacy unless we all do, we’re going to write it. We publish our code so that our fellow Cypherpunks may practice and play with it. Our code is free for all to use, worldwide. We don’t much care if you don’t approve of the software we write. We know that software can’t be destroyed and that a widely dispersed system can’t be shut down.
密码朋克编写代码。我们知道必须有人编写软件来保护隐私，而且由于除非我们都这样做，否则我们无法获得隐私，因此我们要编写它。我们发布我们的代码，以便我们的密码朋克同伴可以练习和玩它。我们的代码在全球范围内免费供所有人使用。如果您不赞成我们编写的软件，我们并不在乎。我们知道，软件不能被破坏，一个广泛分散的系统也不能被关闭。

Cypherpunks deplore regulations on cryptography, for encryption is fundamentally a private act. The act of encryption, in fact, removes information from the public realm. Even laws against cryptography reach only so far as a nation’s border and the arm of its violence. Cryptography will ineluctably spread over the whole globe, and with it the anonymous transactions systems that it makes possible.
密码朋克对密码学的规定感到遗憾，因为加密从根本上说是一种私人行为。事实上，加密行为从公共领域中删除了信息。即使是反对密码学的法律也只触及到一个国家的边界和其暴力的臂膀。密码学将不可避免地传播到全球，随之而来的是它使匿名交易系统成为可能。

For privacy to be widespread it must be part of a social contract. People must come and together deploy these systems for the common good. Privacy only extends so far as the cooperation of one’s fellows in society. We the Cypherpunks seek your questions and your concerns and hope we may engage you so that we do not deceive ourselves. We will not, however, be moved out of our course because some may disagree with our goals.
为了让隐私得到广泛传播，它必须成为社会契约的一部分。为了共同的利益，人们必须聚集在一起部署这些系统。隐私只延伸到一个人在社会中的同伴的合作。我们Cypherpunks寻求您的问题和担忧，并希望我们可以与您接触，以免我们自欺欺人。然而，我们不会因为有些人可能不同意我们的目标而退出我们的路线。

The Cypherpunks are actively engaged in making the networks safer for privacy. Let us proceed together apace.
Cypherpunks积极参与使网络在隐私方面更安全。让我们一起快速前进。

Onward. 向前。

Eric Hughes 埃里克·休斯