OSPF – P2P 链路中 Router LSA 的双重作用（Cisco）

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OSPF – Why are Router LSA P2P links so complicated?

OSPF – 为什么路由器 LSA P2P 链路如此复杂？（作者标题有点虎，主要看原理。）

I earned my CCNA a good few years back, but I still remember all the pencilled notes in the OSPF LSA section of my Todd Lammle study guide. I found the Router LSA information hard to learn, mainly because I didn’t understand why it was so complex. In this post we’re going to take a closer look at the Router LSA, specifically the point-to-point (P2P) link. On completion, you should better understand why the Router LSA seems complex and you will better understand the role of the Router LSA.

几年前，我获得了 CCNA，但我仍然记得我的 Todd Lammle 学习指南的 OSPF LSA 部分中的所有铅笔笔记。我发现路由器 LSA 信息很难学习，主要是因为我不明白为什么它如此复杂。在这篇文章中，我们将仔细研究路由器 LSA，特别是点对点（P2P）链路。完成后，您应该更好地理解为什么路由器 LSA 看起来很复杂，并且您将更好地理解路由器 LSA 的作用。

OSPF has a complex view of the network

Let’s take an example of the P2P between Router_A and Router_B. In your network diagram you might draw the network below, with the P2P link in blue:
让我们以 Router_A 和 Router_B之间的 P2P 为例。在你的网络图中，可以画出下面的网络，P2P 链接是蓝色的。

在这里插入图片描述
The CLI output from Router A (below) shows the self-originated Router LSA. The section highlighted in the blue box describes the RouterA to RouterB (A-B) link. Note that this link was pre-configured using “ip ospf network point-to-point”.
Router A 的 CLI 输出显示自发起的路由器 LSA。蓝色框中突出显示的部分描述了 RouterA 到 RouterB （A-B）链路。请注意，此链接是使用 “ip ospf network point-to-point” 预配置的。
在这里插入图片描述
Pretty heavy; two stanzas to describe the A-B link. It might be easier to understand if we re-align our diagram with the way OSPF sees the network. In the updated diagram below, each router represents the A-B link in the Router LSA using a point-to-point (link-type 1) and a stub network (link-type 3).
描述 A-B 链接的内容相当繁琐；有两个段落。如果我们将图表与 OSPF 查看网络的方式重新对齐，可能会更容易理解。在下面的更新图表中，每个路由器都使用点对点（链路类型 1）和 stub 网络（链路类型 3）表示路由器 LSA 中的 A-B 链路。
在这里插入图片描述
Okay, so the diagram now matches the CLI output, but why are we describing the A-B link twice. To understand that, we need to better understand the purpose of the Router LSA.
好的，现在图表与 CLI 输出匹配，但为什么我们要两次描述 A-B 链接。要理解这一点，我们需要更好地理解路由器 LSA 的用途。

Router LSA – Working a double-shift

Each OSPF router needs to build complete view of the interconnected nodes (or routers) and links within an area, before running the SPF algorithm. It relies upon the flooded Router LSAs to provide the full link-state within that area.
每个 OSPF 路由器在运行 SPF 算法之前需要构建一个关于区域内互联节点（或路由器）和链接的完整视图。它依赖于泛洪的路由器 LSA 来提供该区域的完整链路状态信息。

Ideally the router LSA would be a purist; describing only it’s link-state information. But it has a dual-role and also describes it’s locally connected prefixes [1]. The Router LSA is thus describing topology (or link-state) information and prefixes as defined below.
理想情况下，路由器 LSA 应该是一个纯粹的信息描述，仅仅描述其链路状态信息。然而，它具有双重角色，还描述了它本地连接的前缀[1]。因此，路由器 LSA 同时描述了拓扑（或链路状态）信息和前缀，具体如下：

Local topology – What routers am I connected to, over which links. e.g. P2P, transit or virtual links.
1）本地拓扑 – 我连接到哪些路由器，通过哪些链路。例如 P2P、公交或虚拟链接。
Prefixes – What are my locally connected subnets. OSPF calls these ‘stub networks‘. I still find the name confusing though, I like to think of stub networks as ‘IP destinations’
2）前缀 – 我的本地连接子网是什么。OSPF 称这些为“ stub 网络”。不过，我仍然觉得这个名字令人困惑，我喜欢将 stub 网络视为“IP 目的地”。

But why have a stub link? 但是为什么要有 stub 链接呢？

RouterA uses a P2P link type and a stub network link type for the A-B link as it is both part of the OSPF topology and it is a destination.
RouterA 对 A-B 链路使用 P2P 链路类型和 stub 网络链路类型，因为它既是 OSPF 拓扑的一部分，又是目标。

If I wanted to ping the RouterA link interface from a remote router then I need its subnet to be advertised. Both routers can reach the 192.168.1.0/24 subnet, so they both advertise it using a stub-network link-type.
如果我想从远程路由器 ping RouterA 链路接口，那么我需要通告其子网。两个路由器都可以访问 192.168.1.0/24 子网，因此它们都使用 stub 网络链路类型进行通告。

Wrap-up 结束语
The two main takeaways from this post are:

这篇文章的两个主要收获是：

The Router LSA describes P2P links using two links; a P2P link-type describing the topology and a stub network link-type describing the subnet (or prefix).
路由器 LSA 使用两个链路描述 P2P 链路：描述拓扑的 P2P 链路类型和描述子网（或前缀）的 stub 网络链路类型。
The stub network is included so that you can reach the P2P link ip addresses from remote routers.
包含 stub 网络，是为了使远程路由器能够访问 P2P 链接的 IP 地址。

[1] In OSPFv3 the prefix information has been split off into a new LSA type; the Intra-Area-Prefix LSA.

[1] 在 OSPFv3 中，前缀信息已被拆分为新的 LSA 类型; Intra-Area-Prefix LSA。

[2] I’ve excluded unnumbered links from this example as I don’t want to overcomplicate things.*

[2] 我从这个例子中排除了未编号的链接，因为我不想把事情搞得过于复杂。

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