用spark建立一个单词统计的应用

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-02 20:30:52 发布

风雪夜归子

最新推荐文章于 2023-01-02 20:30:52 发布

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本文我们将建立一个简单的单词统计应用

创建rdd

    In [1]: 
  

wordsList = ['cat', 'elephant', 'rat', 'rat', 'cat']
wordsRDD = sc.parallelize(wordsList, 4)
# Print out the type of wordsRDD
print type(wordsRDD)

<class 'pyspark.rdd.RDD'>

将单词变成复数形式并且进行测试

    In [2]: 
  

# One way of completing the function
def makePlural(word):
    return word + 's'

print makePlural('cat')

cats

测试结果是否正确，如果不正确就返回'incorrect result: makePlural does not add an s'

    In [3]: 
  

# Make sure to rerun any cell you change before trying the test again
from test_helper import Test
Test.assertEquals(makePlural('rat'), 'rats', 'incorrect result: makePlural does not add an s')

1 test passed.

应用makePlural()函数到rdd上

    In [4]: 
  

# TODO: Replace <FILL IN> with appropriate code
pluralRDD = wordsRDD.map(makePlural)
print pluralRDD.collect()

['cats', 'elephants', 'rats', 'rats', 'cats']

    In [5]: 
  

# TEST Apply makePlural to the base RDD(1c)
Test.assertEquals(pluralRDD.collect(), ['cats', 'elephants', 'rats', 'rats', 'cats'],
                  'incorrect values for pluralRDD')

1 test passed.

使用lambda函数将单词变成复数形式的功能

    In [6]: 
  

# TODO: Replace <FILL IN> with appropriate code
pluralLambdaRDD = wordsRDD.map(lambda x: x + 's')
print pluralLambdaRDD.collect()

['cats', 'elephants', 'rats', 'rats', 'cats']

    In [7]: 
  

# TEST Pass a lambda function to map (1d)
Test.assertEquals(pluralLambdaRDD.collect(), ['cats', 'elephants', 'rats', 'rats', 'cats'],
                  'incorrect values for pluralLambdaRDD (1d)')

1 test passed.

计算每个单词的长度

    In [8]: 
  

# TODO: Replace <FILL IN> with appropriate code
pluralLengths = (pluralRDD
                 .map(lambda x: len(x))
                 .collect())
print pluralLengths

[4, 9, 4, 4, 4]

    In [9]: 
  

# TEST Length of each word (1e)
Test.assertEquals(pluralLengths, [4, 9, 4, 4, 4],
                  'incorrect values for pluralLengths')

1 test passed.

接下来创建rdd对

    In [10]: 
  

# TODO: Replace <FILL IN> with appropriate code
wordPairs = wordsRDD.map(lambda x: (x, 1))
print wordPairs.collect()

[('cat', 1), ('elephant', 1), ('rat', 1), ('rat', 1), ('cat', 1)]

    In [11]: 
  

# TEST Pair RDDs (1f)
Test.assertEquals(wordPairs.collect(),
                  [('cat', 1), ('elephant', 1), ('rat', 1), ('rat', 1), ('cat', 1)],
                  'incorrect value for wordPairs')

1 test passed.

    In [ ]: 
  

下面我们将对每个单词统计其出现的次数，实现这个目标有很多方法。

    In [12]: 
  

# TODO: Replace <FILL IN> with appropriate code
# Note that groupByKey requires no parameters
wordsGrouped = wordPairs.groupByKey()
for key, value in wordsGrouped.collect():
    print '{0}: {1}'.format(key, list(value))

rat: [1, 1]
elephant: [1]
cat: [1, 1]

    In [13]: 
  

# TEST groupByKey() approach (2a)
Test.assertEquals(sorted(wordsGrouped.mapValues(lambda x: list(x)).collect()),
                  [('cat', [1, 1]), ('elephant', [1]), ('rat', [1, 1])],
                  'incorrect value for wordsGrouped')

1 test passed.

    In [14]: 
  

# TODO: Replace <FILL IN> with appropriate code
wordCountsGrouped = wordsGrouped.map(lambda (k, v): (k, sum(v)))
print wordCountsGrouped.collect()

[('rat', 2), ('elephant', 1), ('cat', 2)]

    In [15]: 
  

# TEST Use groupByKey() to obtain the counts (2b)
Test.assertEquals(sorted(wordCountsGrouped.collect()),
                  [('cat', 2), ('elephant', 1), ('rat', 2)],
                  'incorrect value for wordCountsGrouped')

1 test passed.

用reduceByKey()实现统计每个单词出现的次数的任务

    In [16]: 
  

# TODO: Replace <FILL IN> with appropriate code
# Note that reduceByKey takes in a function that accepts two values and returns a single value
wordCounts = wordPairs.reduceByKey(lambda x, y: x + y)
print wordCounts.collect()

[('rat', 2), ('elephant', 1), ('cat', 2)]

    In [17]: 
  

# TEST Counting using reduceByKey (2c)
Test.assertEquals(sorted(wordCounts.collect()), [('cat', 2), ('elephant', 1), ('rat', 2)],
                  'incorrect value for wordCounts')

1 test passed.

    In [18]: 
  

# 将两个步骤连起来
wordCountsCollected = (wordsRDD
                       .map(lambda x: (x, 1))
                       .reduceByKey(lambda x, y: x + y)
                       .collect())
print wordCountsCollected

[('rat', 2), ('elephant', 1), ('cat', 2)]

    In [19]: 
  

# TEST All together
Test.assertEquals(sorted(wordCountsCollected), [('cat', 2), ('elephant', 1), ('rat', 2)],
                  'incorrect value for wordCountsCollected')

1 test passed.

统计不同单词的个数

    In [20]: 
  

uniqueWords = wordCounts.count()
print uniqueWords

    In [21]: 
  

# TEST Unique words 
Test.assertEquals(uniqueWords, 3, 'incorrect count of uniqueWords')

1 test passed.

计算每个单词平均出现的次数

    In [22]: 
  

from operator import add
totalCount = (wordCounts
              .map(lambda (k, v): v)
              .reduce(lambda x, y: x + y))
average = totalCount / float(wordCounts.count())
print totalCount
print round(average, 2)

5
1.67

    In [23]: 
  

# TEST Mean using reduce 
Test.assertEquals(round(average, 2), 1.67, 'incorrect value of average')

1 test passed.

接下来看一个完整的在单词统计在文本上的应用

首先，定义一个单词统计的函数

    In [24]: 
  

# TODO: Replace <FILL IN> with appropriate code
def wordCount(wordListRDD):
    """Creates a pair RDD with word counts from an RDD of words.

    Args:
        wordListRDD (RDD of str): An RDD consisting of words.

    Returns:
        RDD of (str, int): An RDD consisting of (word, count) tuples.
    """
    wordCountsCollected = (wordListRDD
                       .map(lambda x: (x, 1))
                       .reduceByKey(lambda x, y: x + y))
    return wordCountsCollected
print wordCount(wordsRDD).collect()

[('rat', 2), ('elephant', 1), ('cat', 2)]

    In [25]: 
  

# TEST wordCount function (4a)
Test.assertEquals(sorted(wordCount(wordsRDD).collect()),
                  [('cat', 2), ('elephant', 1), ('rat', 2)],
                  'incorrect definition for wordCount function')

1 test passed.

接下来将文本中的标点符号去掉并将字母都转换为小写

    In [26]: 
  

# TODO: Replace <FILL IN> with appropriate code
import re
import string
def removePunctuation(text):
    """Removes punctuation, changes to lower case, and strips leading and trailing spaces.

    Note:
        Only spaces, letters, and numbers should be retained.  Other characters should should be
        eliminated (e.g. it's becomes its).  Leading and trailing spaces should be removed after
        punctuation is removed.

    Args:
        text (str): A string.

    Returns:
        str: The cleaned up string.
    """
    regex = re.compile('[%s]' % re.escape(string.punctuation))
    return regex.sub('', text).lower().strip()
print removePunctuation('Hi, you!')
print removePunctuation(' No under_score!')

hi you
no underscore

    In [27]: 
  

# TEST Capitalization and punctuation 
Test.assertEquals(removePunctuation(" The Elephant's 4 cats. "),
                  'the elephants 4 cats',
                  'incorrect definition for removePunctuation function')

1 test passed.

    In [28]: 
  

import os.path
fileName = os.path.join('/Users/youwei.tan/Downloads', 'shakespeare.txt')

shakespeareRDD = (sc
                  .textFile(fileName, 8)
                  .map(removePunctuation))
print '\n'.join(shakespeareRDD
                .zipWithIndex()  # to (line, lineNum)
                .map(lambda (l, num): '{0}: {1}'.format(num, l))  # to 'lineNum: line'
                .take(15))

0: the project gutenberg ebook of the complete works of william shakespeare by
1: william shakespeare
2: 
3: this ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
4: almost no restrictions whatsoever  you may copy it give it away or
5: reuse it under the terms of the project gutenberg license included
6: with this ebook or online at wwwgutenbergorg
7: 
8: this is a copyrighted project gutenberg ebook details below
9: please follow the copyright guidelines in this file
10: 
11: title the complete works of william shakespeare
12: 
13: author william shakespeare
14:

在使用wordcount()函数之前，需要完成两个任务： 1、以空格对字符串进行分割 2、过滤掉空行

    In [29]: 
  

shakespeareWordsRDD = shakespeareRDD.flatMap(lambda x: x.split())
shakespeareWordCount = shakespeareWordsRDD.count()
print shakespeareWordsRDD.top(5)
print shakespeareWordCount

[u'zwaggerd', u'zounds', u'zounds', u'zounds', u'zounds']
903705

    In [30]: 
  

# TEST Words from lines 
# This test allows for leading spaces to be removed either before or after
# punctuation is removed.
Test.assertTrue(shakespeareWordCount == 903705 or shakespeareWordCount == 928908,
                'incorrect value for shakespeareWordCount')
Test.assertEquals(shakespeareWordsRDD.top(5),
                  [u'zwaggerd', u'zounds', u'zounds', u'zounds', u'zounds'],
                  'incorrect value for shakespeareWordsRDD')

1 test passed.
1 test passed.

    In [32]: 
  

shakeWordsRDD = shakespeareWordsRDD  # already removed
shakeWordCount = shakeWordsRDD.count()
print shakeWordCount

    In [33]: 
  

# TEST Remove empty elements 
Test.assertEquals(shakeWordCount, 903705, 'incorrect value for shakeWordCount')

1 test passed.

实现空格分割和过滤掉恐狼的另一种方法

    In [35]: 
  

shakespeareRDD.map(lambda x: x.split()).filter(lambda x: len(x)>0).flatMap(lambda x:x).take(10)

      Out[35]: 
    

[u'the',
 u'project',
 u'gutenberg',
 u'ebook',
 u'of',
 u'the',
 u'complete',
 u'works',
 u'of',
 u'william']

接下来统计单词

    In [36]: 
  

# TODO: Replace <FILL IN> with appropriate code
top15WordsAndCounts = wordCount(shakeWordsRDD).takeOrdered(15, key=lambda (k, v): -v)
print '\n'.join(map(lambda (w, c): '{0}: {1}'.format(w, c), top15WordsAndCounts))

the: 27825
and: 26791
i: 20681
to: 19261
of: 18289
a: 14667
you: 13716
my: 12481
that: 11135
in: 11027
is: 9621
not: 8745
for: 8261
with: 8046
me: 7769