微生物实验之革兰氏染色

微生物实验之革兰氏染色

1 细菌染色的概念

通过一种或者多种染料染色，观察细菌的形态和排列特征，来鉴别细菌；

2革兰氏染色法

该方法时丹麦细菌学家革兰于1884年创建的，目前仍广泛应用于细菌分类和鉴别；

2.1 革兰氏染色法的原理

有了方法，科学界就开始找理论支撑，目前有三种主流学说：

渗透学说
化学学说
等电点学说

2.2 大学实验课中革兰氏染色的过程

2.3鉴别细菌的意义

这个很废话，在临床上肯定就是指导医生用药。

3自动染色的过程

假如在一个转盘上设置6个托盘位完成整个过程：
位置1：放片/取片位
位置2：初染/复染位
位置3：压片
位置4：冲洗/脱色
位置5：媒洗
位置6：吹风

根据之前说的，染色的步骤分为如下几个步骤

那么，染色的整个自动化流程就是：

放片：1

初染：23（20s） 46

媒染：5 （20s） 46 46

脱色：4 （20s） 6

复染：23（20s） 46

取片：1

1) Primary dyeing (crystal violet): after adding the dye solution, it is necessary to beat the dye evenly and let it stand for 20s (follow-up verification), and then rinse with water. After washing, there are no water drops on the surface of the glass slide (after field experiment, there will be a large number of water drops on the surface of the slide after horizontal washing, so the air shower action should be increased);            
2) Mordant dye (iodine solution): after field verification, if there is water film on the surface of the glass slide, the liquid iodine drops on the surface of the slide can disperse. This step can save the action of beating evenly. After standing for 20s (subsequent verification), horizontal washing is not allowed on the glass surface. After washing, there will be a large number of water drops on the glass surface after horizontal washing, which needs to increase the air shower action);           
3) Decolorization (decolorizing agent), in this step, the slide should be tilted at a certain angle (30 ° to 45 °). After adding the decolorizer until the slide is colorless, it needs to be washed with water. After washing, there are no water drops on the surface of the slide (after field experiment, water droplets will gather on the edge of the slide after inclined washing, so wind shower action should be increased);           
4) For re dyeing (sand yellow), it is necessary to pat the dye evenly after dropping the dye solution and let it stand for 20s (follow-up verification), and then rinse with water. After washing, there are no water drops on the surface of the glass (after field experiment, there will be a large number of water drops on the surface of the slide after horizontal washing, so the air shower action should be increased);            
5) Heat or air dry and dye.